Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies.
| References | Country | Study design | Sample size, n | Age, years* | Female, n (%) | Infection status | Asymptomatic case#, n (%) | Specimen types | Study quality |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jiehao et al. (19) | China | Case series | 10 | 6.5 | 6 (60) | sym | 0 (0) | URTS | 8 (High) |
| Xiong et al. (20) | China | Cohort study | 51 | / | 21 (41) | asym | 51 (100) | URTS | 8 (High) |
| Yang et al. (21) | China | Case series | 5 | 49 | 2 (40) | sym, asym | 2 (40) | URTS | 8 (High) |
| Noh et al. (22) | Korea | Cohort study | 53 | / | / | asym | 53 (100) | / | 8 (High) |
| Zheng et al. (23) | China | Cohort study | 1,320 | 50 | 741 (56) | sym | 0 (0) | URTS | 8 (High) |
| Lee et al. (24) | Korea | Cohort study | 89 | 22 | 55 (62) | asym | 89 (100) | RTS | 8 (High) |
| Song et al. (25) | China | Case series | 16 | 8.5 | 6 (38) | sym, asym | 8 (50) | URTS | 8 (High) |
| Jun et al. (26) | China | Cross-sectional study | 242 | / | / | sym | 0 (0) | URTS | 8 (High) |
| Zhu et al. (27) | China | Case series | 20 | / | / | sym | 0 (0) | URTS | 8 (High) |
| Han et al. (28) | China | Cohort study | 206 | 62.5 | 115 (56) | sym | 0 (0) | URTS | 8 (High) |
| Yan et al. (29) | China | Cross-sectional study | 24 | / | / | asym | 24 (100) | RTS | 8 (High) |
| Gong et al. (30) | China | Cohort study | 34 | / | 12 (35) | sym | 0 (0) | URTS | 8 (High) |
| Warabi et al. (31) | Japan | Cross-sectional study | 8 | 14 | 6 (75) | sym | 0 (0) | URTS | 8 (High) |
| Pan et al. (32) | China | Cross-sectional study | 26 | 29.5 | 10 (38) | asym | 26 (100) | RTS | 7 (Medium) |
| Hua et al. (33) | China | Cross-sectional study | 43 | / | / | / | / | URTS | 8 (High) |
| Cano et al. (34) | Switzerland | Cohort study | 251 | 53 | 103 (41) | sym | 0 (0) | URTS | 7 (Medium) |
| Wu et al. (35) | China | Cross-sectional study | 74 | / | / | sym | 0 (0) | URTS, stool | 8 (High) |
| Otsubo et al. (36) | / | Case series | 5 | 74 | 2 (40) | sym | 0 (0) | URTS | 7 (Medium) |
| Tan et al. (37) | China | Case series | 12 | 34.5 | 3 (25) | asym | 12 (100) | URTS | 8 (High) |
| Xiao et al. (38) | China | Cohort study | 63 | / | / | sym, asym | 19 (30) | / | 8 (High) |
| Yao et al. (39) | China | Case series | 5 | 47 | 3 (60) | sym, asym | 1 (20) | URTS | 8 (High) |
| Liu et al. (40) | China | Cohort study | 53 | 8 | 19 (36) | asym | 53 (100) | URTS | 8 (High) |
| Shi et al. (41) | China | Cross-sectional study | 33 | 41 | 14 (42) | sym | 0 (0) | URTS | 8 (High) |
| Li et al. (42) | China | Cohort study | 46 | 45.6 | 25 (54) | sym | 0 (0) | / | 8 (High) |
| Jiang et al. (43) | China | Cross-sectional study | 24 | 37 | 10 (42) | sym | 0 (0) | / | 8 (High) |
| Gong et al. (44) | China | Cross-sectional study | 179 | 57.4 | 90 (50) | sym | 0 (0) | URTS | 8 (High) |
| Zhao et al. (45) | China | Cohort study | 63 | / | 32 (51) | sym | 0 (0) | / | 8 (High) |
| Zhang et al. (46) | China | Cross-sectional study | 30 | / | / | sym | 0 (0) | RTS, stool | 8 (High) |
| Xu et al. (47) | China | Cohort study | 59 | 49.3 | 31 (53) | sym | 0 (0) | URTS | 8 (High) |
| Xie et al. (48) | China | Cross-sectional study | 49 | 49.4 | 24 (49) | / | / | / | 8 (High) |
| Sun et al. (49) | China | Cross-sectional study | 46 | / | / | sym | 0 (0) | RTS | 8 (High) |
| Ren et al. (50) | China | Cross-sectional study | 89 | / | / | sym | 0 (0) | RTS | 8 (High) |
| Ran et al. (51) | China | Cross-sectional study | 28 | 59.4 | 9 (32) | sym | 0 (0) | RTS | 8 (High) |
| Liu et al. (53) | China | Cross-sectional study | 41 | 68 | 21 (51) | sym | 0 (0) | URTS | 8 (High) |
| Li et al. (54) | China | Cohort study | 88 | 46 | 34 (39) | sym | 0 (0) | URTS | 8 (High) |
sym, symptomatic infection; asym, asymptomatic infection; RTS, respiratory tract specimen; URTS, upper respiratory tract specimen.
*
: Median or mean;
#
: Asymptomatic cases with VST of SARS-CoV-2; /: Unreported or unclassified or incalculable.