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. 2021 Mar 19;9:650289. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.650289

FIGURE 5.

FIGURE 5

Localized release of S1P analog from nanofiber scaffold enhances metrics of skeletal muscle healing and regeneration. Whole mount IHC of explanted spinotrapezius muscle 14 days post injury. Representative confocal images centered around the defect area from each treatment group stained with desmin (green) and CD68 (blue) (A–C) with a zoomed in ROI from each treatment group, denoted with dotted white boxes, presented in the second row (D–F). (G) Fiber angle of regenerating muscle fibers measured from 0 to 90° degrees with respect to the pre-injury fiber axis. (H) Imaris generated cross-sectional view of regenerating muscle fibers for assessment of fiber morphology. (I) Fiber diameter measurements from animals across all treatment groups. (J) Volume ratio of collagen:desmin quantified for animals of each treatment group. Scale bars of 500 μm (A–C) and 200 μm (D–F). Ordinary one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons conducted for statistical analysis and data is presented as mean ± S.E.M. n = 3–5 animals per treatment group. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001. bSHG = backward second harmonic generation, NF = nanofiber.