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. 2021 Mar 19;9:650289. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.650289

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Copyright © 2021 San Emeterio, Hymel, Turner, Ogle, Pendleton, York, Olingy, Liu, Lim, Sulchek, Warren, Mortensen, Qiu, Jang, Willett and Botchwey.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Localized FTY720 delivery induces regeneration of damaged neuromuscular junctions following traumatic injury to the muscle. High powered immunofluorescence images of spinotrapezius muscle explanted 28 days post injury from uninjured muscle (A,D,G), untreated muscle (B,E,H), and muscle treated with FTY720-loaded nanofibers (C,F,I). Thy1-YFP mice enabled labeling of motor neurons with YFP (white) and staining with rhodamine alpha-bungarotoxin (red) permits identification of post-synaptic acetylcholine receptors. Regenerated neuromuscular junctions identified by detecting overlapping regions of Thy1⁺ pre-synaptic and acetylcholine receptor⁺ post-synaptic junctions as indicated with white arrow. Scale bars of 100 μm. n = 2–3 animals per experimental group.