Figure 8.

A schema of the anti-cancer immune response associated with regional lymph nodes. Dead cells and debris, including tumor-specific antigens, drain into lymph node sinuses via lymphatic vessels (LV). Antigen-presenting cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells, capture and engulf these antigens and activate antigen-reactive T lymphocytes. Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1; and potentially PD-L2) expressed on antigen-presenting cells may negatively regulate the activation of T lymphocytes.