Table 1.
Side effects summary
| Variable | Liraglutide dose | Side effect | Other consideration |
|---|---|---|---|
| Serum lipase and amylase level | 1.8 and 3.0 mg | Increase4,5 | - |
| Acute pancreatitis | 1.2–3.0 mg | The absolute risk is numerically higher.5,6 | - |
| Gallbladder or biliary disease | 0.6–3.0 mg | Increase7,8 | - |
| Liver disease | 0.9–1.8 mg | Improve liver histology and reduce aminotransferase levels.9,10 | Elevation of liver enzymes and development of cholestasis and hepatitis have been reported during post-approval use.1 |
| Case reports: elevations of liver enzymes11,12 and development of autoimmune hepatitis12 | |||
| Kidney disease | 1.2 and 1.8 mg | Reduce proteinuria, improve renal function, produce an anti-inflammatory effect and ameliorate lipid metabolism.13,14 | Dehydration resulting from nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, increased serum creatinine, and acute renal failure or worsening of chronic renal failure, sometimes requiring hemodialysis have been reported during post-approval use.1 |
| Case reports: elevation of serum creatinine and development of acute kidney injury15,16 | |||
| Heart rate | 1.2 and 1.8 mg | Increase17,18 | |
| Gastrointestinal symptom | 0.6–3.0 mg | Increase3,13,19-23 | |
| Hypoglycemia | 0.6–1.8 mg | No increase19,22,24,25 | Co-administered antidiabetic drugs should be adjusted according to glucose monitoring results and hypoglycemic risk.1 |