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. 2021 Mar 19;12:645717. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.645717

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Increased staining and frequency of IL-31-positive CD4 T cells in IPF. Lung sections from IPF and non-IPF control subjects were probed to detect the expression of IL-31 by immunohistochemistry, (A) Representative images of IL-31 expression in non-IPF (top) and IPF (bottom) lung sections. (B) Percent of IL-31+ cells in total lung cells quantified in IHC stained lung sections. Data are shown as mean ± SEM., **p < 0.01. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of IPF patients (n = 7) and healthy control subjects (n = 8) were isolated and stimulated with PMA and ionomycin, intracellular cytokine expression of IL-31 and IL-4 were assessed by flow cytometry. (C) Representative images of CD3 CD4 cells expressing IL-31 and IL-4. (D) Percent of IL-31 and (E) IL4/IL-31- producing CD4 T cells are shown. Data presented as mean ± SEM with n = 6-9, with *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. Student t-test was used to compare the mean between groups.