Table 3.

Natural extracts effective against Herpesvirus infection.

Plant	Active compound	Mode of action
Spirulina platensis	Sulfated polysaccharides Calcium spirulan	Viral entry (HSV-1, HCMV, VZV) Inhibition of cytopathic effect blocking HCMV attachment and penetration into host cells
Allium sativum	Organosulfur compound	Interferes with HSV adsorption and penetration
Green tea	Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)	Anti-HSV-1 Inhibits lytic infection of EBV and KSHV
Rhus javanica	Moronic acid and Betulonic acid	Inhibits lytic infection of EBV
Thelypteris torresiana	Protoapigenone; flavonoid compound	Inhibits lytic infection of EBV
Andrographis paniculata	andrographolide	Inhibits active EBV virions
Polygonum cuspidatum	Emodin	Inhibits early steps of the EBV replication cycle
Saururus chinensis	Lignans Manassantin B	Inhibits NF-kB against active EBV infection
Angelica archangelica	Angelicin	Anti-HSV-1 Interferes with the initial lytic KSHV replication
Marine natural product	Cytarabine	Regression of PEL tumors in a xenograft mouse model. Degrades LANA-1, inhibit latent and lytic replication
Garcinia	Cambogin	Regression of PEL tumors in a xenograft mouse model
Euphorbia pekinensis	Euphorbia extracts	Oncolytic effect on EBV-positive gastric carcinoma cells
Euphorbia peplus	PEP005	Inhibits PEL tumors in a xenograft model
Allium sativum	Allicin	Interferes with HCMV replication Inhibits latent KSHV