Table 1. Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of the Study Population at Baseline.
| Characteristic | No. (%) of patients | |
|---|---|---|
| PCC group (n = 54) | FP group (n = 47) | |
| Age, median (IQR), y | 66 (50-73) | 67 (55-74) |
| Sex | ||
| Female | 14 (25.9) | 14 (29.8) |
| Male | 40 (74.1) | 33 (70.2) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||
| American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 | 1 (2.1) |
| Asian or Pacific Islander | 12 (22.2) | 10 (21.3) |
| Black or African American | 1 (1.8) | 0 |
| White | 31 (57.4) | 26 (55.3) |
| Othera | 10 (18.5) | 10 (21.3) |
| Weight, mean (SD), kg | 81.0 (17.0) | 79.3 (17.5) |
| BMI, mean (SD) | 23.6 (4.5) | 23.1 (4.7) |
| NYHA classb | ||
| I (least severe) | 14 (25.9) | 11 (23.4) |
| II | 22 (40.7) | 19 (40.4) |
| III | 15 (27.8) | 15 (31.9) |
| IV (most severe) | 3 (5.6) | 2 (4.3) |
| Myocardial infarction | ||
| None | 48 (88.9) | 42 (89.4) |
| 0-90 d | 2 (3.7) | 3 (6.4) |
| >90 d | 3 (5.6) | 1 (2.1) |
| Ejection fraction, % | ||
| >50 | 42 (77.8) | 35 (74.5) |
| 31-50 | 11 (20.4) | 10 (21.3) |
| 21-30 | 1 (1.8) | 2 (4.3) |
| <21 | 0 | 0 |
| Pulmonary pressure, mm Hg | ||
| Unknown | 6 (11.1) | 6 (12.8) |
| <30 | 38 (70.4) | 34 (72.3) |
| 31-55 | 9 (16.7) | 5 (10.6) |
| >55 | 1 (1.8) | 2 (4.3) |
| Hypertension | 36 (66.7) | 31 (66.0) |
| Dyslipidemia | 34 (63.0) | 28 (59.6) |
| Congestive heart failure | 12 (22.2) | 13 (27.7) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 8 (14.8) | 7 (14.9) |
| Diabetes | 11 (20.4) | 10 (21.3) |
| Chronic lung disease | 5 (9.3) | 6 (12.8) |
| Stroke or TIA | 5 (9.3) | 7 (14.9) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 2 (3.7) | 3 (6.4) |
| Active endocarditis | 5 (9.3) | 7 (14.9) |
| Preoperative dialysis | 2 (3.7) | 0 |
| Preoperative laboratory values | ||
| Creatinine, mg/dL | ||
| No. | 51 | 45 |
| Median (IQR) | 1.1 (0.8-1.4) | 1.0 (0.9-1.2) |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | ||
| No. | 52 | 46 |
| Mean (SD) | 13.2 (1.9) | 12.8 (2.1) |
| Platelet count, ×103/µL | ||
| No. | 52 | 46 |
| Mean (SD) | 205 (58) | 210 (67) |
| International normalized ratio | ||
| No. | 52 | 44 |
| Mean (SD) | 1.2 (0.3) | 1.2 (0.3) |
| Surgical factors | ||
| Previous cardiac surgery | 19 (35.2) | 11 (23.4) |
| Nonelective surgery | 11 (20.4) | 15 (31.9) |
| Complex surgeryc | 45 (83.3) | 37 (78.7) |
| Procedure, No. (% of procedures) | ||
| Coronary artery bypass grafting | 20 (37.0) | 15 (31.9) |
| Aortic valve procedure | 34 (63.0) | 27 (57.4) |
| Mitral valve procedure | 17 (31.5) | 16 (34.0) |
| Tricuspid valve procedure | 3 (5.6) | 3 (6.4) |
| Pulmonary valve procedure | 7 (13.0) | 1 (2.1) |
| Surgery on aorta | 18 (34.0) | 24 (51.1) |
| Complex congenital | 6 (11.1) | 3 (6.4) |
| Otherd | 21 (38.9) | 13 (27.6) |
| Cardiopulmonary bypass duration, mean (SD), min | 172 (71) | 166 (46) |
| Tranexamic acid dose, g | ||
| No. | 52 | 47 |
| Mean (SD) | 4.3 (2.3) | 4.1 (1.3) |
| Heparin dose, mean (SD), IU | 53 167 (18 107) | 55 543 (20 996) |
| Protamine dose, mg | ||
| No. | 48 | 42 |
| Mean (SD) | 406 (98) | 451 (151) |
| Cell salvage blood, mL | ||
| No. | 40 | 33 |
| Mean (SD) | 516 (660) | 563 (554) |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); FP, frozen plasma; IQR, interquartile range; NYHA, New York Heart Association; PCC, prothrombin complex concentrate; TIA, transient ischemic attack.
SI conversion factors: To convert creatinine to micromoles per liter, multiply by 88.4; hemoglobin to grams per liter, by 10.0; and platelet count to ×109/L, by 1.0.
Other races marked as unknown or not applicable.
New York Heart Association functional classification: (I) No limitation of physical activity and no symptoms. (II) Slight limitation of physical activity; ordinary physical activity results in fatigue, palpitation, or dyspnea. (III) Marked limitation of physical activity; less than ordinary activity causes fatigue, palpitation, or dyspnea. (IV) Unable to carry on any physical activity without discomfort. Symptoms of heart failure at rest.
Procedures other than coronary artery bypass graft only, single valve only, or repair of atrial septal defect only.
Examples of other procedures include myectomy, atrial septal defect repair, left ventricular aneurysmectomy, and insertion of intra-aortic balloon pump.