Table 3.
A summary of studies on pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with COVID-19 included in the systematic review
| Article title | Author | Study type | Country | Placental test for nCoV-2019 nucleic acid | Pregnancy complications | Further information | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Result | Method | ||||||
| Pregnant women with new coronavirus infection: clinical characteristics and placental pathological analysis of three cases | Chen et al. | Case study | China | Negative | RT-PCR | Not reported |
Umbilical cord and fetal membranes were tested and went negative |
| Clinical analysis of 10 neonates born to mothers with 2019-nCoV pneumonia | Zhu et al. | Case study | China | Not reported | Not reported |
Premature rupture of membranes (= 3), One polyhydramnios, One oligohydramnios |
No further samples were examined |
| Clinical characteristics and intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection in nine pregnant women: a retrospective review of medical records | Chen et al. | Case study | China | Not reported | Not reported |
Premature rupture of Membranes (= 2), Fetal distress (= 2) |
All amniotic fluid, cord blood, breastmilk samples from six patients were negative (3 cases has unsuccessful sample collection) |
| Analysis of the pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with COVID-19 in Hubei Province | Zhang et al. | Case–control | China | Not reported | Not reported |
Pre-eclampsia (= 1), PROM (= 3), Fetal distress (= 1), Premature birth (= 3), Asphyxia (= 1) |
No further samples were examined |
| Clinical manifestations and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy | Liu et al. | Case study | China | Not reported | Not reported |
Fetal distress (= 3), PROM (= 1), Stillbirth (= 1) |
No further samples were examined |
| Lack of vertical transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2, China | Li et al. | Case report | China | Negative | RT-PCR | Not reported | Serum, urine, feces, amniotic fluid, umbilical cord blood and placenta, and breast milk samples were negative |
| A case of 2019 Novel Coronavirus in a pregnant woman with preterm delivery | Wang et al. | Case report | China | Negative | RT-PCR | Not reported | Amniotic fluid and cord blood were negative |
| A case report of neonatal COVID-19 infection in China | Wang et al. | Case report | China | Negative | RT-PCR | Not reported | Cord blood and mother's breast milk were negative |
| Perinatal transmission of COVID-19 associated SARS-CoV-2: should we worry? | Fan et al. | Case report | China | Negative | RT-PCR | Not reported | Umbilical cord blood, amniotic fluid, vaginal swabs, and mother’s breast milk were negative |
| Clinical analysis of pregnant women with 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia | Chen et al. | Case series | China | Not reported | Not reported |
Pre-eclampsia (= 1) Gestational diabetes (= 2) |
Not reported |
| Possible vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from an infected mother to her newborn | Dong et al. | Case report | China | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Mother’s vaginal discharge and breastmilk were negative for COVID-19 PCR test result |
| Lung ultrasound and computed tomographic findings in a pregnant woman with COVID-19 | Kalafat et al. | Case report | Turkey | Negative | RT-PCR | Not reported | Breast milk and cord blood were negative |
| Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during pregnancy: a case series | Liu et al. | Case series | China | Negative | RT-PCR | Gestational hypertension | Breast milk, cord blood, amniotic fluid, neonatal serum, and mothers’ vaginal mucosa were negative |
| Maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia: a case–control study | Li et al. | Case–control | China | Not reported | Not reported |
gestational diabetes mellitus (= 3) PROM (= 1) gestational hypertension (= 3), hypothyroidism (= 2), pre-eclampsia (= 1) Sinus tachycardia (= 1) Fetal distress (= 2) |
Not reported |
| A pregnant woman with COVID-19 in Central America | Zambrano et al. | Case report |
United States, USA |
Not reported | Not reported |
gestational hypertension and hypothyroidism |
Neonate’s blood sample was negative |
| Pregnancy and perinatal outcomes of women with Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pneumonia: a preliminary analysis | Liu et al. | Cross-sectional | China | Not reported | Not reported | Placenta previa (= 1) | Not reported |
| Clinical features and obstetric and neonatal outcomes of pregnant patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective, single-center, descriptive study | Yu et al. | Retrospective study | China | Not reported | Not reported |
Uterine scarring (= 3) Hypothyroidism (= 1) |
Not reported |
|
Neonatal Early-Onset Infection with SARS CoV-2 in 33 Neonates Born to Mothers With COVID-19 in Wuhan, China |
Zeng et al. | Cohort study | China | Not reported | Not reported | PROM (= 3) | Not reported |
| Mortality of a pregnant patient diagnosed with COVID-19: A case report with clinical, radiological, and histopathological findings | Karami et al. | Case report | Iran | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
| Unlikely SARS-CoV-2 vertical transmission from mother to child: a case report | Peng et al. | Case report | China | Negative | RT-PCR | Not reported | Amniotic fluid, vaginal mucosa, cord blood, and breast milk were all negative |
| Severe COVID-19 during pregnancy and possible vertical transmission | Alzamora et al. | Case report |
The United States, USA |
Not reported | Not reported | Diabetes mellitus | Not reported |
| Preterm delivery in a pregnant woman with critical COVID-19 pneumonia and vertical transmission | Zamanian et al. | Case report | Iran | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Cord blood was negative, but Amniotic fluid was positive |
| Vaginal delivery report of a healthy neonate born to a convalescent mother with COVID-19 | Xiong et al. | Case report | China | Negative | RT-PCR | Not reported | Amniotic fluid was negative |
| Association of COVID-19 infection with pregnancy outcomes in healthcare workers and general women | Khan et al. | Case series | China | Not reported | Not reported | 5 women with other complications | Not reported |
| Impact of COVID-19 infection on pregnancy outcomes and the risk of maternal-to- neonatal intrapartum transmission of COVID-19 during natural birth | Khan et al. | Case report | China | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | The cord blood sample was negative |
| Clinical characteristics of 19 neonates born to mothers with COVID-19 | Liu et al. | Retrospective study | China | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Breast milk sample, amniotic fluid, and cord blood were negative |
| COVID-19 infection among asymptomatic and symptomatic pregnant women: two weeks of confirmed presentations to an affiliated pair of New York City hospitals | Breslin et al. | Cohort study |
The United States, USA |
Not reported | Not reported | PROM | Not reported |
| Clinical features and outcomes of pregnant women suspected of Coronavirus Disease 2019 | Yang et al. | Case–control | China | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
| Asymptomatic COVID-19 in a pregnant woman with typical chest CT manifestation: a case report | Renbin et al. | Case report | China | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
| Chest CT findings in a pregnant patient with 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease | Liao et al. | Case report | China | Negative | RT-PCR | Not reported | Amniotic fluid and cord blood were negative |
| Infants born to mothers with a new Coronavirus (COVID-19) | Chen et al. | Case report | China | Not reported | Not reported | Placenta (= 1) | Not reported |
| Anesthetic management for emergent cesarean delivery in a parturient with recent diagnosis of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): a case report | Song et al. | Case report | China | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
| Clinical characteristics and risk assessment of newborns born to mothers with COVID-19 | Yang et al. | Case series | China | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Cord blood and amniotic fluid were negative |
| COVID-19 in pregnancy: early lessons | Breslin et al. | Case series |
The United States, USA |
Not reported | Not reported | Type 2 diabetes mellitus (= 2) | Not reported |
| Antibodies in infants born to mothers with COVID-19 pneumonia | Zeng et al. | Case study | China | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
| Novel Coronavirus infection in newborn babies under 28 Days in China | Zhang et al. | Case series | China | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
| Clinical characteristics of pregnant women with Covid-19 in Wuhan, China | Chen et al. | Retrospective study | China | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Breast milk of three mothers were negative for the virus |
| Total results | All samples examined were negative | RT-PCR | |||||
RT-PCR Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, PROM Premature rupture of membranes