Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of patients infected by SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2
| Clinical Characteristics | SARS-CoV, n=1670 | SARS-CoV-2, n=1040 | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Male sex, n (%) | 734 (44.0) | 560 (53.8) | <0.001 |
| Age, yr, mean±SD | 44±20 | 38±18 | <0.001 |
| Age in yr, median (interquartile range) | 41 (29–56) | 35 (22–52) | <0.001 |
| Creatinine, μmol/L, median (interquartile range) | 80 (67–97) | 71 (60–84) | <0.001 |
| Missing, % | 0.5 | 3.1 | |
| eGFR, ml/min per 1.73 m2, mean±SD | 83.8±25.1 | 102.3±19.0 | <0.001 |
| Missing, %a | 6.8 | 8.3 | |
| RRT, n (%) | 20 (1.3) | 0 (0) | <0.001 |
| Peritoneal dialysis | 13 (0.8) | 0 (0) | 0.003 |
| Hemodialysis | 7 (0.4) | 0 (0) | 0.05 |
| Platelet, ×109/L, mean±SD | 196±84 | 229±75 | <0.001 |
| Platelet <100×109/L, n (%) | 85 (5.1) | 5 (0.5) | <0.001 |
| Missing, % | 0.3 | 3.6 | |
| ALT, U/L, median (interquartile range) | 23 (15–39) | 22 (15–34) | 0.13 |
| Missing, % | 0.6 | 3.5 | |
| AST, U/L, median (interquartile range) | 26 (19–39) | 26 (21–37) | 0.53 |
| Missing, % | 51.5 | 53.8 | |
| Albumin, g/L, mean±SD | 39±5 | 42±5 | <0.001 |
| Missing, % | 0.6 | 3.5 | |
| Total bilirubin, μmol/L, mean±SD | 9±10 | 8±5 | <0.001 |
| Missing, % | 0.6 | 3.5 | |
| INR, mean±SD | 1.1±0.3 | 1.1±0.1 | 0.70 |
| Missing, % | 11.7 | 46.3 | |
| CRP, mg/dl, mean±SD | 4.2±5.8 | 1.4±3.5 | <0.001 |
| Missing, % | 23.1 | 6.7 | |
| ESR, mm/h, mean±SD | 32±31 | 24±23 | <0.001 |
| Missing, % | 45.9 | 49.7 | |
| LDH, U/L, median (interquartile range) | 300 (208–423) | 184 (156–223) | <0.001 |
| Missing, % | 3.9 | 10.3 | |
| WCC, ×109/L, mean±SD | 6.7±3.5 | 5.8±2.0 | <0.001 |
| WCC <3.5×109/L, n (%) | 160 (9.6) | 88 (8.8) | 0.47 |
| Missing, % | 0.3 | 3.6 | |
| Neutrophil, ×109/L, mean±SD | 5.1±3.2 | 3.7±1.8 | <0.001 |
| Missing, % | 0.1 | 3.8 | |
| Lymphocyte, ×109/L, mean±SD | 1.0±0.7 | 1.5±0.7 | <0.001 |
| Lymphocyte <1×109/L, n (%) | 927 (55.6) | 222 (22.2) | <0.001 |
| Missing, % | 0.1 | 3.8 | |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 277 (16.6) | 81 (7.8) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 355 (21.3) | 144 (13.8) | <0.001 |
| Use of medications during follow-up, n (%) | |||
| NSAID | 122 (7.3) | 26 (2.5) | <0.001 |
| ACEI | 99 (5.9) | 21 (2.0) | <0.001 |
| ARB | 4 (0.2) | 41 (3.9) | <0.001 |
| Thiazide diuretics | 18 (1.1) | 6 (0.6) | 0.18 |
| Loop diuretics | 161 (9.6) | 31 (3.0) | <0.001 |
| Potassium-sparing diuretics | 22 (1.3) | 5 (0.5) | 0.03 |
| Other antihypertensive drugsb | 230 (13.8) | 113 (10.9) | 0.03 |
| Antiplatelet | 135 (8.1) | 38 (3.7) | <0.001 |
| Anticoagulants | 166 (9.9) | 38 (3.7) | <0.001 |
| Oseltamivir | 145 (8.7) | 66 (6.3) | 0.03 |
| Ribavirin | 1511 (90.5) | 538 (51.7) | <0.001 |
| Lopinavir-ritonavir | 168 (10.1) | 612 (58.8) | <0.001 |
| IFN beta | 0 (0) | 330 (31.7) | <0.001 |
| Antibiotic treatment | 1610 (96.4) | 377 (36.3) | <0.001 |
| Antifungal treatment | 161 (9.6) | 2 (0.2) | <0.001 |
| Corticosteroid at baselinec | 69 (4.1) | 0 (0) | <0.001 |
| Corticosteroid during follow-up | 1427 (85.4) | 59 (5.7) | <0.001 |
| Pulse methylprednisolone ≥250 mg daily, | 1076 (64.4) | 5 (0.5) | <0.001 |
| Peak daily dose, prednisolone equivalent, mg, median (interquartile range) | 625 (625–625) | 37.5 (37.5–50.0) | <0.001 |
| IVIG | 175 (10.5) | 3 (0.3) | <0.001 |
| Clinical outcomes in 30 d, n (%) | |||
| Primary endpoint | 435 (26.0) | 55 (5.3) | <0.001 |
| Death | 180 (10.8) | 4 (0.4) | <0.001 |
| ICU admission | 330 (19.8) | 53 (5.1) | <0.001 |
| Invasive mechanical ventilation | 62 (3.7) | 22 (2.1) | 0.02 |
All concomitant medications were represented as binary parameters. Percentages were computed on the basis of nonmissing values. INR, international normalized ratio; CRP, C-reactive protein; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; WCC, white cell count; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; IVIG, intravenous immunoglobulin therapy.
eGFR was estimated using CKD-Epidemiology Collaboration equation for patients aged above 18 yr.
Other antihypertensive drugs included beta blockers and calcium channel blockers.
Corticosteroid use at baseline referred to the use of steroid within 1 mo before the diagnosis of CoV.