Table 1.
Sphingolipids at the Age of 6 Months Associated with Early-Onset Asthma Development before 3 Years of Age: Discovery in COPSAC2010 and Replication in VDAART
| Metabolite | Subpathway | β-Estimate for COPSAC2010 | CI | P Value | FDR P Value | β-Estimate for VDAART | P Value | FDR P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glycosyl-N-stearoyl-sphingosine (d18:1/18:0) | Ceramides | −0.516 | −0.777 to −0.254 | 0.0001 | 0.09 | −0.598 | 0.03 | 0.93 |
| Glycosyl ceramide (d18:1/20:0, d16:1/22:0)* | −0.448 | −0.687 to −0.208 | 0.0003 | 0.24 | −0.409 | 0.15 | 0.93 | |
| Glycosyl-N-behenoyl-sphingadienine (d18:2/22:0)* | −0.319 | −0.558 to −0.081 | 0.009 | 1 | — | — | — | |
| Glycosyl-N-(2-hydroxynervonoyl)-sphingosine (d18:1/24:1)* | −0.454 | −0.726 to −0.182 | 0.001 | 1 | — | — | — | |
| N-stearoyl-sphingosine (d18:1/18:0)* | −0.282 | −0.515 to −0.048 | 0.02 | 1 | −0.115 | 0.50 | 0.95 | |
| Ceramide (d16:1/24:1, d18:1/22:1)* | −0.225 | −0.437 to −0.012 | 0.04 | 1 | — | — | — | |
| Sphingomyelin (d18:1/19:0, d19:1/18:0)* | Sphingomyelins | −0.428 | −0.647 to −0.21 | 0.0001 | 0.12 | −0.286 | 0.13 | 0.93 |
| Sphingomyelin (d18:2/21:0, d16:2/23:0)* | −0.421 | −0.643 to −0.199 | 0.0002 | 0.19 | −0.290 | 0.17 | 0.93 | |
| Stearoyl sphingomyelin (d18:1/18:0) | −0.391 | −0.61 to −0.172 | 0.0005 | 0.41 | −0.951 | 0.02 | 0.93 | |
| Sphingomyelin (d18:1/17:0, d17:1/18:0, d19:1/16:0) | −0.368 | −0.603 to −0.133 | 0.002 | 1 | −0.526 | 0.06 | 0.93 | |
| Sphingomyelin (d18:1/20:0, d16:1/22:0)* | −0.330 | −0.568 to −0.092 | 0.007 | 1 | −0.333 | 0.38 | 0.93 | |
| Sphingomyelin (d18:1/20:1, d18:2/20:0)* | −0.293 | −0.505 to −0.081 | 0.007 | 1 | −1.487 | 0.005 | 0.71 | |
| Sphingomyelin (d18:1/18:1, d18:2/18:0) | −0.311 | −0.541 to −0.08 | 0.008 | 1 | −0.994 | 0.02 | 0.93 | |
| Sphingomyelin (d18:2/18:1)* | −0.303 | −0.53 to −0.075 | 0.009 | 1 | −0.622 | 0.08 | 0.93 | |
| Sphingomyelin (d18:2/23:0, d18:1/23:1, d17:1/24:1)* | −0.273 | −0.482 to −0.064 | 0.01 | 1 | −0.449 | 0.17 | 0.93 | |
| Sphingomyelin (d17:1/16:0, d18:1/15:0, d16:1/17:0)* | −0.269 | −0.477 to −0.062 | 0.01 | 1 | −0.248 | 0.35 | 0.93 | |
| Sphingomyelin (d18:1/21:0, d17:1/22:0, d16:1/23:0)* | −0.307 | −0.556 to −0.057 | 0.02 | 1 | −0.168 | 0.35 | 0.93 | |
| Sphingomyelin (d17:2/16:0, d18:2/15:0)* | −0.276 | −0.505 to −0.047 | 0.02 | 1 | −0.053 | 0.76 | 0.98 | |
| Sphingomyelin (d18:2/23:1)* | −0.266 | −0.491 to −0.042 | 0.02 | 1 | −0.247 | 0.33 | 0.93 | |
| N-palmitoyl-sphinganine (d18:0/16:0) | 0.219 | 0.032 to 0.407 | 0.02 | 1 | −0.146 | 0.32 | 0.93 | |
| Sphingomyelin (d18:1/14:0, d16:1/16:0)* | −0.253 | −0.471 to −0.036 | 0.02 | 1 | −0.111 | 0.70 | 0.97 | |
| Sphingomyelin (d18:1/22:1, d18:2/22:0, d16:1/24:1)* | −0.245 | −0.456 to −0.034 | 0.02 | 1 | −0.443 | 0.40 | 0.93 | |
| Sphingomyelin (d18:0/20:0, d16:0/22:0)* | −0.266 | −0.501 to −0.031 | 0.03 | 1 | −0.269 | 0.19 | 0.93 | |
| Sphingomyelin (d18:1/20:2, d18:2/20:1, d16:1/22:2)* | −0.232 | −0.449 to −0.016 | 0.04 | 1 | −0.417 | 0.14 | 0.93 | |
| Sphingomyelin (d18:0/18:0, d19:0/17:0)* | −0.266 | −0.519 to −0.013 | 0.04 | 1 | −0.275 | 0.07 | 0.93 | |
| Palmitoyl sphingomyelin (d18:1/16:0) | −0.210 | −0.413 to −0.007 | 0.04 | 1 | −1.301 | 0.06 | 0.93 | |
| Sphingomyelin (d18:1/25:0, d19:0/24:1, d20:1/23:0, d19:1/24:0)* | −0.245 | −0.488 to −0.001 | 0.05 | 1 | −0.208 | 0.14 | 0.93 |
Definition of abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; COPSAC2010 = Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood; FDR = false discovery rate; VDAART = Vitamin D Antenatal Asthma Reduction Trial.