Fig. 5.

Membership in penumbra and political preferences. A presents the average (Avg) number of people known in each group, by party identification (ID) (SI Appendix has the wording of the policy questions). B presents the correlation between membership status in the penumbra and issue attitude on group-related policy. C presents the estimated effect of entering a penumbra during the year on a group-related policy question. The coefficients are obtained from a regression that adjusts for attitude in wave 1 and demographic variables. Numbers in parentheses denote the policy question respondents were asked (SI Appendix has the numbered question list).