Table 2.
Effect of BMI in subjects with, and without, PCOS: Clinical and ovarian variables
| Variables | Patient category | BMI | n (%) | Model A | Model B | Model C | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fold change | Adjusted Odds ratio (95% CI) | Fold change | Adjusted Odds ratio (95% CI) | Fold change | Adjusted Odds ratio (95% CI) | ||||
| Average menstrual cycle length ≥ 35 days n (%) | Healthy | Normal | 17 (11.2) | 1.0 | Ref | ||||
| High | 12 (11.7) | 1.04 | 0.85 (0.32, 2.26) | 1.0 | Ref | ||||
| PCOS | Normal | 44 (72.1) | 6.44 | 24.07 (9.24, 62.69)*** | 6.16 | 28.49 (8.86, 91.66)*** | 1.0 | Ref | |
| High | 51 (69.9) | 6.24 | 21.25 (8.39, 53.86)*** | 5.97 | 25.15 (8.44, 74.93)*** | 0.97 | 0.88 (0.30, 2.61) | ||
| Variables | Patient category | BMI | Mean ± SD | Fold change | Adjusted Difference (95% CI) | Fold change | Adjusted Difference (95% CI) | Fold change | Adjusted Difference (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mFG score | Healthy | Normal | 1.09 ± 0.21 | 1.0 | Ref | ||||
| High | 1.38 ± 0.25 | 1.27 | 0.06 (− 0.86, 0.98) | 1.0 | Ref | ||||
| PCOS | Normal | 1.75 ± 0.33 | 1.61 | 0.03 (− 1.06, 1.11) | 1.27 | − 0.04 (− 1.27, 1.20) | 1.0 | Ref | |
| High | 3.23 ± 0.30 | 2.96 | 1.85 (0.80, 2.90)*** | 2.34 | 1.79 (0.64, 2.93)*** | 1.85 | 1.82 (0.52, 3.12)** | ||
| Acne score | Healthy | Normal | 1.92 ± 0.36 | 1.0 | Ref | ||||
| High | 1.78 ± 0.46 | 0.93 | 0.75 (− 0.63, 2.13) | 1.0 | Ref | ||||
| PCOS | Normal | 2.63 ± 0.58 | 1.37 | 0.13 (− 1.49, 1.74) | 1.48 | − 0.62 (− 2.47, 1.23) | 1.0 | Ref | |
| High | 2.60 ± 0.56 | 1.35 | 1.42 (− 0.14, 2.99) | 1.46 | 0.68 (− 1.04, 2.39) | 0.99 | 1.30 (− 0.64, 3.23) | ||
| Mean AFC | Healthy | Normal | 13.64 ± 0.78 | 1.0 | Ref | ||||
| High | 12.65 ± 0.96 | 0.93 | 0.25 (− 2.84, 3.35) | 1.0 | Ref | ||||
| PCOS | Normal | 28.66 ± 1.26 | 2.10 | 12.11 (8.44, 15.78)*** | 2.27 | 11.85 (7.65, 16.06)*** | 1.0 | Ref | |
| High | 30.24 ± 1.17 | 2.22 | 11.34 (7.74, 14.94)*** | 2.39 | 11.08 (7.14, 15.02)*** | 1.06 | − 0.77 (− 5.25, 3.71) | ||
| Mean OV (ml) | Healthy | Normal | 4.90 ± 0.19 | 1.0 | Ref | ||||
| High | 4.56 ± 0.23 | 0.93 | − 0.19 (− 1.18, 0.80) | 1.0 | Ref | ||||
| PCOS | Normal | 8.16 ± 0.30 | 1.67 | 2.77 (1.60, 2.94)*** | 1.79 | 2.96 (1.63, 4.29)*** | 1.0 | Ref | |
| High | 8.55 ± 0.28 | 1.74 | 3.69 (2.54, 4.83)*** | 1.88 | 3.88 (2.53, 5.12)*** | 1.05 | 0.91 (− 0.50, 2.32) | ||
| AMH (pmol/L) | Healthy | Normal | 34.88 ± 2.24 | 1.0 | Ref | ||||
| High | 26.58 ± 2.77 | 0.76 | − 3.04 (− 14.38, 8.30) | 1.0 | Ref | ||||
| PCOS | Normal | 87.97 ± 3.65 | 2.52 | 49.27 (35.67, 62.86)*** | 3.31 | 62.30 (36.81, 67.80)*** | 1.0 | Ref | |
| High | 75.10 ± 3.37 | 2.15 | 38.59 (25.11, 52.06)*** | 2.83 | 41.62 (26.95, 56.30)*** | 0.85 | − 10.68 (− 27.38, 6.01) |
Variables in each patient category compared against reference (Ref) denoted in each column. Model A Ref: Healthy-Normal BMI; Model B Ref: Healthy-High BMI; Model C Ref: PCOS-Normal BMI. Odds ratios and mean differences were adjusted for variables in Table 1 (except BMI).*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001
mFG, modified Ferriman-Gallwey score; AFC, antral follicle count; OV, ovarian volume, AMH, anti-mullerian hormone