Table 4.

Effect of BMI in subjects with, and without, PCOS: Metabolic parameters

Variables	Patient category	BMI	Mean ± SD	Model A		Model B		Model C
				Fold change	Adjusted difference (95% CI)	Fold change	Adjusted difference (95% CI)	Fold change	Adjusted difference (95% CI)
HOMA-IR	Healthy	Normal	1.29 ± 0.15	1.0	Ref
		High	2.20 ± 0.19	1.71	0.68 (0.01, 1.35)*	1.0	Ref
	PCOS	Normal	1.23 ± 0.24	0.95	0.05 (− 0.74, 0.84)	0.56	− 0.63 (− 1.53, 0.27)	1.0	Ref
		High	3.53 ± 0.22	2.74	1.48 (0.71. 2.25)***	1.60	0.80 (− 0.03, 1.64)	2.87	1.43 (0.48, 2.38)***
Cholesterol (mmol/L)	Healthy	Normal	4.63 ± 0.07	1.0	Ref
		High	5.10 ± 0.08	1.10	0.42 (0.09, 0.74)**	1.0	Ref
	PCOS	Normal	4.71 ± 0.11	1.02	0.09 (− 0.30, 0.48)	0.92	− 0.33 (− 0.77, 0.11)	1.0	Ref
		High	4.96 ± 0.10	1.07	0.16 (− 0.21, 0.54)	0.97	− 0.25 (− 0.66, 0.16)	1.05	0.08 (− 0.39, 0.54)
Triglycerides (mmol/L)	Healthy	Normal	0.80 ± 0.06	1.0	Ref
		High	1.30 ± 0.07	1.63	0.35 (0.15, 0.55)***	1.0	Ref
	PCOS	Normal	0.81 ± 0.09	1.01	0.03 (− 0.21, 0.27)	0.62	− 0.32 (− 0.59, − 0.05)*	1.0	Ref
		High	1.24 ± 0.08	1.55	0.36 (0.13, 0.59)***	0.95	0.01 (− 0.24, 0.26)	1.53	0.33 (0.04, 0.61)*
HDL (mmol/L)	Healthy	Normal	1.59 ± 0.03	1.0	Ref
		High	1.35 ± 0.03	0.85	− 0.21 (− 0.36, − 0.07)***	1.0	Ref
	PCOS	Normal	1.63 ± 0.04	1.03	0.00 (− 0.17, 0.17)	1.21	0.21 (0.01, 0.40)*	1.0	Ref
		High	1.28 ± 0.04	0.81	− 0.33 (− 0.50, − 0.17)***	0.95	− 0.12 (− 0.30, 0.06)	0.74	− 0.33 (− 0.53, − 0.12)***
LDL (mmol/L)	Healthy	Normal	2.66 ± 0.06	1.0	Ref
		High	3.20 ± 0.08	1.20	0.45 (0.17, 0.74)***	1.0	Ref
	PCOS	Normal	2.72 ± 0.10	1.02	0.15 (− 0.19, 0.49)	0.85	− 0.30 (− 0.69, 0.08)	1.0	Ref
		High	3.12 ± 0.09	1.18	0.37 (0.04, 0.70)*	0.98	− 0.08 (− 0.44, 0.27)	1.15	0.22 (− 0.19, 0.62)

HOMA‐IR, homoeostatic model assessment‐insulin resistance; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein