Innate immune activation of BMDCs by the C1-mRNA nanovaccine. (A) C1-mRNA nanovaccine promoted the maturation of BMDCs. The expression of CD40, CD80, and CD86 were up-regulated by C1-mRNA treatment. BMDCs were gated for CD11c+ cells for analysis on the DC population. Control: medium only. Concentration used: mRNA: 120 ng/mL, C1: 19.2 μg/mL; treatment time: 24 h. MFI, mean fluorescence intensity. (B) The mRNA levels of cytokines including il-1β, il-6, il-12a, and il-12p40 in BMDCs by different treatments as in A, measured by qPCR. Treatment time: 12 h. (C) Protein levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-12p70 in culture media of BMDCs by different treatments as in A, measured by ELISA. Treatment time: 24 h. Data represent the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001.