Fig. 2.

Coupling between the glycolytic signals of the single cells. Instantaneous phases (–$\pi$ to $\pi$) of the NADH autofluorescent signals for all cells (Top) and normalized order parameter $r\left(t\right)$ (Bottom) when glycolytic oscillations in yeast cells are triggered using (A) 12, (B) 16, and (C) 20 mM ${\mathrm{C}\mathrm{N}}^{-}$ combined with 40 mM GLC. (A and B) At 12 and 16 mM ${\mathrm{C}\mathrm{N}}^{-}$ concentrations, the instantaneous cell phases feature global patterns across the cell array corresponding to $r\left(t\right)\approx 1$. The closer the order parameter $r\left(t\right)$ to 1, the higher the temporal cell synchronization, while a lower order parameter describes cell desynchronization. (C) At high ${\mathrm{C}\mathrm{N}}^{-}$ concentrations, this synchronization is lost, reflected in the low values of the order parameter. Each panel shows a representative example from in total five experiments (see SI Appendix, Figs. S3–S7, for the repeat experiments).