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. 2021 Feb 3;118(6):e2012087118. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2012087118

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Copyright © 2021 the Author(s). Published by PNAS.

This open access article is distributed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND).

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Fig. 6. — MCS enables roots to better penetrate soils with a hard wax layer in maize and wheat. (A) Maize genotypes with MCS have a greater penetration ratio compared to genotypes with no MCS. (B) Average penetration ratio of maize genotypes with MCS compared to the average penetration ratio of non-MCS genotypes. (C) Wheat genotypes with MCS have a greater penetration ratio compared to genotypes with no MCS. (D) Average penetration ratio of wheat genotypes with MCS compared to the average penetration ratio of non-MCS genotypes. Penetration ratio was calculated as the ratio of the number of roots penetrating the compacted layer to number of roots reaching the compacted layer. Data shown are means ± SE for four replications per genotypes (n = 12 in maize, n = 16 for wheat with MCS, n = 32 for wheat without MCS) of all axial roots. Means with the same letters are not significantly different (P ≤ 0.05) according to Tukey’s HSD.