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. 2020 Jun 15;30(5):877–896. doi: 10.1111/bpa.12864

Table 3.

Histopathological and ultrastructural findings in 32 patients with vacuolar myopathy.

Patient Gene/Cause Biopsied muscle Age at biopsy (Y) LM (rimmed) vacuoles EM autophagic vacuoles Exocytosis Sarcopl. tubulofilaments Nuclear tubulofilaments Z‐band streaming Sarcopl. granulofilaments Myofibril. disintegration Nemaline rods Glycogen deposits Lipofuscin deposits Sarcolem. invaginations Sarcolemmal defects Myonuclear lobulations Abnormal chromatin Mitochondrial inclusions Mitochondrial defects SR/T‐tub. proliferation
1.1 TRIM32 pLL 31 +++ +++ +++ ++ +++ +++ +++ + ++
1.2 TRIM32 dLL 36 +++
2 FKRP pLL 53 ++ +++ + +++ + ++ ++ ++
3 FKRP nk 40 +++ +++ +++ +++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ +
4 DYSF dLL 34 + + +++ +++ + ++ ++
5.1 DYSF pLL 20 ++ +++ +++ ++ + + +++ + ++
5.2 DYSF pLL 23 ++ +++ ++ + ++ + + +++ + +
6 SMCHD1 nk 44 +++ ++ + + ++ ++ ++
7 DES pLL 40 +++ +++ +++ ++ +++ +++ ++ + ++ ++ ++
8 DES dLL 46 +++
9 MYOT dLL 63 ++ +++
10 LDB3/ZASP dLL 49 +++ + +++ ++ +++ + + + ++ + + + +
11 COL6A2 nk 23 ++ + ++ +
12 GAA pLL 52 +++ +++ +++ ++ ++ ++
13 GYG1 nk 54 + +++ ++ ++ ++ +++ ++ ++ + ++
14 GNE nk 29 +++
15 CAV3 dLL 56 +++ + ++
16 nk/CHQ dLL 57 +++ +++ ++ +++ ++ ++
17 nk pLL 52 +++ +++ +++ +++ ++ ++ ++
18 nk nk 57 +++ +++ + ++ +++ ++
19 nk dLL 63 + +++ ++ ++ +++ ++ ++ + ++ ++
20 nk nk 30 +++ +++ ++ +++ + ++
21 nk pLL 52 +++ +++ + + +
22 nk pLL 65 ++ +++ + + +++ ++
23 nk pLL 58 +++ +++ ++ ++ ++ +++ ++ +++
24 nk pLL 68 + ++ + + + ++ ++
25 nk nk 58 + + ++ ++ +++ + ++ ++ ++ + ++ ++ ++
26 nk pLL 55 + + + +
27 nk pUL 37 +++ +++ ++ ++ +++ ++ + ++
28 nk dLL 53 ++ + + + + +++ +++
29 nk nk 57 +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ + ++ ++ ++
30 nk pUL 55 +++ +++ +++ +++ ++ +++ ++ ++ ++

Histopathological features are graded according to frequency: − none, + rare, ++ often, +++ frequent. In patients 1.2, 8, 9 and 14 electron microscopical data were not available.

Abbreviations: CHQ = chloroquine intake; dLL = distal lower limb; dUL = distal upper limb; EM = electron microscopical; LM = light microscopical; myofibril. = myofibrillar; nk = not known; pLL = proximal lower limb; pUL = proximal upper limb; sarcopl. = sarcoplasmatic; sarcolem. = sarcolemmal; SR/T‐tub. = sarcoplasmic reticulum/T‐tubule system; (y) = years.