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. 2020 Sep 8;30(5):992–1004. doi: 10.1111/bpa.12881

Figure 3.

Figure 3

The CRISPR Cas9 platform enables targeted gene regulation via deactivation of the catalytic domain in the Cas9 nuclease (dCas9) and fusion to an enzymatic domain. Transcriptional activation (CRISPRa) may be achieved by a tripartite effector protein termed VPR (VP64, p65, Rta) that is targeting the promoter region of a gene, whereas transcriptional inactivation (CRISPRi) requires transcriptional repressor domains such as the Krüppel‐associated box (KRAB). DNA methylation can be altered by the DNA methyl transferase 3A (DNMT3A) enzyme that adds methyl groups to cytosines or the Ten‐eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenase 1 (TET1) enzyme, which removes DNA methylation at the target locus.