Figure 4.

Upregulation of CXCL12 in the CSF of adult IRMs. A. Total protein concentrations in the CSF of acutely and chronically infected IRMs. For acutely infected animals (HP87, EL21, JI20 and JR20) a two‐tailed paired T‐test was used to compare protein concentrations with match pre‐infection samples. For samples derived from later times following infection, comparison with the pre‐infection samples using a two‐tailed unpaired T‐test indicated that the means of the two samples were below the threshold of significance (P = 0.12). B and C. Concentrations of CXCL12 and IL1RN in CSF samples following ZIKV infection, respectively. For purposes of statistical analysis samples were placed in four groups based on time of collection relative to virus infection. P values were determined by comparison to preinfection controls using two‐tailed unpaired T‐tests. Exact times of CSF sample collection are displayed in Figure S4. D. Immunohistochemistry using anti‐CXCL12. CXCL12 was visualized in cortical brain or spinal cord tissue for several uninfected controls and animals acutely or chronically infected with ZIKV. ImageJ was used to quantify the area of CXCL12‐positive staining in 20 random images per animal. A.U. – arbitrary units.