Table 1.
Demographic details of all the cases and controls.
| Variable | Young controls | Old controls | PSND | PSD | VaD | Mixed | AD |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 12 | 20 | 21 | 20 | 17 | 18 | 16 |
| Mean age, years (range) | 57.5 (46–65) | 79.3 (78–94) | 85.1 (75–96) | 87.1 (75–96) | 84.2 (71–98) | 85.1 (72–93) | 84.2 (76–96) |
| Gender (M:F %) | 55:45 | 35:65 | 57:43 | 30:70 | 41:59 | 44:56 | 56:44 |
| MMSE, mean ± SEM | na | 29 ± 1 | 27 ± 0.4 | 16 ± 1 | 13 ± 4 | 11 ± 2 | 7 ± 2 |
| CAMCOG, mean ± SEM | na | na | 90 ± 1 | 66 ± 3 | na | na | 39 ± 7 |
| Braak stage, mean (range) | 0.25 (0–1) | 1.9 (0–4) | 2.6 (1–4) | 2.6 (1–4) | 2.0 (0–4) | 5.2 (5–6)‡ | 5.6 (5–6)‡ |
| CERAD, mean (range) | 0.0 (0–0) | 0.5 (0–2) | 1.7 (1–2) | 1.3 (1–3) | 1.0 (0–2) | 2.9 (2–3) ‡ | 2.9 (2–3) ‡ |
| ABC scores, mean | na | A0.5, B1.2, C0.5 | A0.5, B1.2, C0.7 | A0.5, B1.2, C0.8 | A0.6, B1.2, C0.8 | A2.5, B2.6, C2.6 | A3, B3, C3 |
| CAA frequency (moderate‐severe), % | 0 | 6 | 15 | 18 | 17 | 9 | 39 |
| Vascular pathology score, mean (range)† | na | 6.7 (0–10)† | 13.5 (13–14) | 13.3 (9–17) | 13.2 (10–16) | 11.0 (6–14) | 10.8 (3–16) |
| WML score, mean (range) | na | 0.5 (0–2)† | 2.5 (2–3) | 2.4 (2–3) | 2.9 (2–3) | 2.9 (2–3) | 1.8 (0–3) |
| White matter/vascular lesions, moderate‐severe (%) | na | 17.6** | 100 | 100 | 100 | 95 | 72 |
Numbers represent mean values (±SEM) and where given with the range of values in parentheses. The causes of death included bronchopneumonia (95%), cardiac arrest and carcinoma, renal failure and gastrointestinal bleed with no particular distribution pattern in any group. The post‐mortem interval between death and tissue retrieval ranged 24–47 h for all the cases. There were no differences in the length of post‐mortem delay between groups. Braak staging scores and Alzheimer’s disease neuropathologic changes (45) were different in mixed and AD cases compared to all other groups (P < 0.05). Mean vascular pathology scores (range) for PSND and PSD groups were 13.5 (13–14) and 13.3 (9–17) compared to 6.7 (0–10) for controls († P < 0.05). These scores were derived as described previously (18). WML Score, white matter pathology score assessed using scale from (18). Mean WML Score was high in all poststroke and dementia subjects compared to controls († P < 0.01). WM/Vascular lesions, **P < 0.01 compared to all poststroke and dementia subjects.
Abbreviations: ABC = AD Neuropathology scoring system; AD = Alzheimer’s disease; CAA = cerebral amyloid angiopathy; CAMCOG = Cambridge cognition examination; F = female; M = male; MMSE = Mini Mental state examination; N = number of subjects; na = not available; NPD = no pathological diagnosis; PSND = poststroke non‐demented; PSD = poststroke dementia; VaD = vascular dementia; WM = white matter.