Table 1.
Examples of Nrf2-, TRPA1-, and TRPV1-interacting nutrients
| Foods | Nrf2 | TRPA1 | TRPV1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Allicin | Garlic, leak, onion | [123] | [123] | |
| Berberine | European barberry, goldenseal, goldthread, Oregon grape, phellodendron, goldenseal, poppy, and tree turmeric | [124] | [125] | |
| Capsaicin | Red pepper | [100, 126] | [127] | [128] |
| Cinnamaldehyde | Cinnamon | [129] | [70] | [130] |
| Curcumin | Turmeric | [131, 132] | [133] | [133] |
| Epigallocatechin gallate | Green tea, apple skin, plums, onions, hazelnuts, pecans, and carob powder | [131] | [113] | [134] |
| Genistein | Soy-based foods including tofu, tempeh, and miso | [131] | [135] | [136] |
| Gingerol | Ginger | [137] | [138] | [139] |
| Lactobacillus | Fermented foods | [140] | [141] | |
| Mustard oil | Mustard seeds | [142] | ||
| N-acetyl cysteine | [143] | [144] | [145] | |
| NO | [146] | [147] | [147] | |
| Piperine | Black and long pepper | [148] | [149] | [150] |
| Quercetin | Fruits (cranberries, lingonberries, black plums), vegetables (broccoli, capers, kale, red onion, radish, sorel, watercress), leaves (fennel), seeds, and grains | [131] | [151] | [152] |
| Resveratrol | Skin of grapes, blueberries, raspberries, mulberries, and peanuts | [131] | [116, 153] | [117] |
| Selenium | [154] | [155] | [156] | |
| Sulforaphane (from glucoraphanin) | Cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli, Brussels sprouts, and cabbages | [131] | ||
| Vitamin C | [157] | [158] | ||
| Vitamin D | [159] | [160] | ||
| Wasabi | Japanese horseradish | [161] | [162] | [162] |
| Zinc | [154, 157] | [163] | [164] | |
TRPA1, transient receptor potential ankyrin 1; TRPV1, transient receptor potential vanilloid 1; Nrf2, nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2); NO, nitric oxide.