Table 3.

Summary of the thyroid toxic effects after glyphosate-based herbicides (GBH) exposure in human.

Gender	Age at beginning of exposure	Exposure duration	Exposure route	Main results	Reference
♀♂	50–53 years old	February–December 2016	Occupational exposure	↑ Levels of T4	Kongtip et al. (13)
♂	43.9 ± 11.5 years old	The study was conducted during the high exposure period to pesticides	Occupational exposure	↓ TSH ↑ T3 and T4	Bernieri et al. (100)
♀♂	≤45 years to 65	1999–2016	Occupational exposure	Elevated risk of hypothyroidism	Shrestha et al. (12)