Table 1:
Characteristics of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Disabled, Younger than 65 Years of Age, and Dually Eligible for Medicare and Medicaid
| Characteristic | 2007 N = 12,931 |
2011 N = 15,033 |
2014 N= 15,599 |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White | Black | Hispanic | Other | White | Black | Hispanic | Other | White | Black | Hispanic | Other | |
| Number | 7,631 | 2,721 | 2,101 | 478 | 8,830 | 3,400 | 2,150 | 653 | 9,152 | 3,309 | 2,504 | 634 |
| Female, % | 80.5 | 88.6 | 83.9 | 81.4 | 80.2 | 88.1 | 83.4 | 79.6 | 80.0 | 88.2 | 83.6 | 82.0 |
| Age Category, % | ||||||||||||
| under 30 years (y) | 2.9 | 2.1 | 2.8 | 3.1 | 2.6 | 2.3 | 2.7 | 3.2 | 2.3 | 2.1 | 2.6 | 3.5 |
| 31 - 40 | 8.2 | 7.5 | 8.2 | 11.3 | 8.2 | 6.7 | 8.0 | 9.5 | 7.4 | 7.1 | 8.5 | 7.4 |
| 41 - 50 | 26.0 | 26.1 | 22.6 | 23.6 | 24.0 | 22.8 | 21.2 | 19.8 | 21.7 | 20.2 | 19.3 | 18.6 |
| 51 - 60 | 43.1 | 45.0 | 46.3 | 44.8 | 45.2 | 47.8 | 45.4 | 43.6 | 49.3 | 49.2 | 48.2 | 48.7 |
| 61 - 64 | 19.8 | 19.2 | 20.2 | 17.2 | 19.9 | 20.4 | 22.7 | 23.9 | 19.2 | 21.5 | 21.4 | 21.8 |
| United States Region, % | ||||||||||||
| Northeast | 29.6 | 35.8 | 6.8 | 19.9 | 27.6 | 35.6 | 10.6 | 19.5 | 27.8 | 36.4 | 10.3 | 21.0 |
| Midwest | 16.5 | 11.2 | 7.0 | 11.7 | 19.0 | 14.9 | 9.5 | 14.1 | 18.6 | 15.7 | 8.5 | 12.9 |
| South | 32.8 | 35.8 | 71.2 | 46.2 | 30.4 | 33.2 | 61.6 | 45.6 | 31.6 | 32.0 | 64.3 | 43.4 |
| West | 12.1 | 8.8 | 6.5 | 9.2 | 12.5 | 8.0 | 8.7 | 8.6 | 13.0 | 9.1 | 8.1 | 9.8 |
| Outlying areas | 9.2 | 8.6 | 8.5 | 12.3 | 10.5 | 8.4 | 9.6 | 12.3 | 9.1 | 6.7 | 8.8 | 12.9 |
| Area Depravation Index | ||||||||||||
| Mean, (SD) | 61.7 (24.2) | 70.9 (24.7) | 59.5 (27.9) | 51.3 (28.3) | 61.6 (24.1) | 70.7 (24.6) | 56.1 (27.8) | 51.3 (28.9) | 60.7 (24.0) | 70.7 (24.3) | 61.1 (27.2) | 51.8 (29.0) |
| Chronic Conditions, % | ||||||||||||
| Myocardial infarction, or Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack | 3.7 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 1.9 | 3.4 | 4.6 | 2.8 | 2.6 | 3.1 | 4.1 | 2.6 | 2.4 |
| Heart Failure | 6.1 | 8.9 | 5.6 | 3.6 | 5.7 | 9.5 | 4.4 | 4.0 | 5.2 | 8.4 | 4.5 | 2.8 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 22.9 | 30.1 | 33.9 | 24.5 | 23.7 | 32.6 | 32.4 | 29.7 | 23.7 | 31.6 | 31.9 | 28.4 |
| Diabetes Complications | 2.0 | 2.5 | 3.2 | 3.4 | 1.9 | 3.2 | 4.1 | 4.6 | 2.4 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 2.7 |
| PVD | 4.7 | 4.8 | 5.0 | 4.0 | 5.5 | 6.9 | 4.6 | 4.3 | 5.3 | 6.4 | 4.9 | 4.3 |
| Hemiplegia or paraplegia or SCI | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.6 |
| Multiple Sclerosis | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.0 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.4 | 0.5 |
| Dementias | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 1.0 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.0 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 1.0 |
| COPD | 20.8 | 11.5 | 10.3 | 8.4 | 22.6 | 15.0 | 10.4 | 10.7 | 22.3 | 14.5 | 9.3 | 10.6 |
| Fibromyalgia | 25.9 | 20.8 | 29.3 | 19.3 | 37.4 | 32.8 | 31.8 | 28.6 | 44.2 | 38.3 | 39.9 | 33.6 |
| Mental Illness | 31.9 | 18.6 | 24.8 | 22.0 | 39.5 | 27.3 | 29.8 | 24.4 | 48.9 | 32.4 | 37.8 | 33.3 |
| Depression or Anxiety | 29.4 | 17.4 | 23.8 | 20.5 | 36.6 | 25.3 | 28.4 | 22.2 | 45.7 | 29.8 | 36.7 | 31.7 |
| Charlson-Deyo Comorbidity Index Score,% | ||||||||||||
| 1 | 50.8 | 49.9 | 50.0 | 55.6 | 48.4 | 44.7 | 47.4 | 49.5 | 48.1 | 44.1 | 49.3 | 52.2 |
| 2 | 29.6 | 28.0 | 29.9 | 28.2 | 29.6 | 28.5 | 32.2 | 30.0 | 30.0 | 29.0 | 30.3 | 29.3 |
| ≥3 | 19.6 | 22.1 | 20.1 | 16.1 | 22.0 | 26.8 | 20.4 | 20.5 | 21.9 | 26.8 | 20.4 | 18.5 |
| Any csDMARD, % | 66.0 | 66.7 | 69.4 | 67.6 | 65.8 | 67.7 | 67.9 | 66.6 | 63.5 | 66.4 | 65.6 | 64.7 |
| csDMARD no bDMARD,% | 31.4 | 34.5 | 26.6 | 27.8 | 30.0 | 35.3 | 25.1 | 26.8 | 29.2 | 32.7 | 24.8 | 27.4 |
| Any bDMARD,% | 49.7 | 45.4 | 56.7 | 56.1 | 51.7 | 46.1 | 59.0 | 57.3 | 53.3 | 49.3 | 60.9 | 57.9 |
| Any SQ bDMARD,% | 33.5 | 29.2 | 35.4 | 36.4 | 33.7 | 28.3 | 35.2 | 35.4 | 35.3 | 30.8 | 35.7 | 37.5 |
| Any IV bDMARD,% | 18.7 | 18.3 | 24.9 | 23.0 | 20.6 | 19.6 | 27.1 | 25.0 | 17.9 | 18.3 | 26.6 | 20.8 |
| Neither csDMARD or bDMARD, % | 18.9 | 20.1 | 16.7 | 16.1 | 18.3 | 18.7 | 12.7 | 15.9 | 17.5 | 18.0 | 14.3 | 14.7 |
| Glucocorticoids*, % | 37.8 | 38.3 | 35.8 | 37.9 | 36.1 | 36.6 | 34.5 | 38.0 | 34.7 | 36.3 | 30.2 | 36.3 |
| Opioids**,% | 66.0 | 58.9 | 48.8 | 48.5 | 67.8 | 64.0 | 49.5 | 55.0 | 66.7 | 64.6 | 54.8 | 50.2 |
csDMARD, conventional synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug; bDMARD, biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug; SQ, subcutaneous; IV, intravenous. SCI = spinal cord injury; PVD = peripheral vascular disease; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
csDMARDs included methotrexate, leflunomide, hydroxychloroquine, sulfasalazine, and azathioprine.
SQ bDMARDs included adalimumab, etanercept, certolizumab, golimumab, abatacept, and tocilizumab.
IV bDMARDs included infliximab, rituximab, tocilizumab, abatacept, and golimumab.
Long-term glucocorticoid treatment was defined as an annual cumulative prednisone-equivalent dose of 900 mg or more.
Long-term opioid use was defined as a 30-day prescription refilled for ≥ 2 additional months or a 90-day supply in a single prescription.
Mental illness was defined as any of the following conditions: anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, multiple personality disorder or schizophrenia.
Notes: The higher the mean score of the ADI the highest the deprivation and the worse the socioeconomic status; Outlying areas include Alaska, Hawaii and U.S. territories.