Table 2.

Articular chondrocytes in response to hind limb unloading or simulated microgravity

Study	Cell/Tissue	Decreased mechanical stimulation	Results
Wuest et al. (2018)	BACs	TRPV4, simulated microgravity induced by RPM	Altered expression of TRPV4, preserved chondrocyte phenotype
Basso et al(2006)	Articular and growth plate cartilage	Hind limb	Increased expression of iNOS, impaired articular cartilage, deteriorated joint biomechanics
Nomura et al. (2017)	Male C57BL/6 J mice	Hind limb, joint immobilization	Altered ALP and aggercanase activity, decreased ACAN content subchondral bone atrophy, cartilage degeneration