Table 1 |.

Frequency of non-response in RCTs of topical corticosteroids, by histological, symptom and endoscopic outcome measures

Author, year	Medication and dose	Patient group	Most stringent histological response threshold reported	Non-response for most stringent level (%)	Non-response for <15 eos/hpf level (%)	Symptom response	Endoscopic response
Konikoff, 2006 (REF. 51)	Fluticasone 880 μg per day	Children	≤1 eos/hpf	50	45*	Decreased vomiting	Decreased furrows distally
Schafer, 2008 (REF. 52)	Fluticasone 880–1,760 μg per day	Children	<1 eos/hpf	44*	22*	Presenting symptom improved	–
Dohil, 2010 (REF. 53)	OVB 1–2 mg per day	Children	≤6 eos/hpf	13	23*	Improvement in Symptom Scoring Tool	Improvement in Endoscopy Scoring Tool
Straumann, 2010 (REF. 54)	OVB 2 mg per day	Adults	<5 eos/hpf	28	11‡	Improvement in the SDI	Improvement in exudates and furrows, not rings
Peterson, 2010 (REF. 62)§	Fluticasone 880 μg per day	Adults	≤5 eos/hpf	85	69	No difference versus comparator arm with a 7-point dysphagia scale	–
Alexander, 2012 (REF. 56)	Fluticasone 1,760 μg per day	Adults	>90% decrease in eosinophil counts	48	–	No difference versus comparator using the MDQ	30% with resolution of pre-treatment findings
Dellon, 2012 (REF. 55)	OVB 2 mg per day	Adults	<1 eos/hpf	36	27	No difference versus comparator using the MDQ	Improvement in endoscopic findings except stricture
Moawad, 2013 (REF. 61)§	Fluticasone 880 μg per day	Adults	<7 eos/hpf	81	-	No difference in fluticasone arm using the MDQ	Decreased exudates
Butz, 2014 (REF. 57)	Fluticasone 1,760 μg per day	Adolescents and adults	≤1 eos/hpf	35	23	Decreased heartburn	–
Gupta, 2015 (REF. 58)	OBS 2.8–4 mg per day	Children	≤1 eos/hpf	23	–	No difference versus comparator using the Clinical Symptom Score	–
Miehlke, 2015 (REF. 59)	BET and BVS 2–4 mg per day	Adults	<16 eos/mm2	6	–	No difference versus comparator using the SDI	Decrease in Endoscopic Severity Score versus comparator
Dellon, 2017 (REF. 60)	OBS 4 mg per day	Adolescents and adults	≤1 eos/hpf	69	53	Improvement in the Dysphagia Symptom Questionnaire	Improvement in the EREFS score

BET, budesonide effervescent tablet; BVS, budesonide viscous solution; EoE, eosinophilic oesophagitis; eos/hpf, eosinophils per high-power field; EREFS, EoE endoscopic reference score; MDQ, Mayo Dysphagia Questionnaire; OBS, oral budesonide suspension; OVB, oral viscous budesonide; RCTs, randomized controlled trials; SDI, Strumann Dysphagia Instrument.

^*Calculated from individual patient data presented in the manuscript.

^‡For the reported threshold of <20 eos/hpf rather than <15 eos/hpf.

^§Patients in these studies had EoE, but not EoE as defined by consensus guidelines.