Table 2. Participant characteristics and physical performance parameters according to vitamin D status.
| Spring | Summer | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Insufficient | Sufficient1 | Insufficient | Sufficient2 | |
| Male (n) | 15 (60%) | 6 (25%) | ||
| Athletes (n) | 17 (59%) | 12 (86%) | 5 (42%) | 26 (79%) |
| Age (y) | 22.9 ± 3.5 | 21.3 ± 3.1 | - | - |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.5 ± 2.5 | 23.0 ± 1.7 | 23.0 ± 2.0 | 23.2 ± 2.0 |
| Body Fat (%) | 25.3 ± 7.6 | 20.5 ± 5.7* | 28.1 ± 7.0 | 22.6 ± 7.6 α |
| LBM (kg) | 52.8 ± 12.1 | 56.6 ± 9.3 | 48.8 ± 12.1 | 54.2 ± 10.4 |
| Handgrip (kg) | 34.0 ± 9.5 | 34.4 ± 8.2 | 34.0 ± 13.9 | 39.1 ± 9.7 |
| KE (Nm) | 213.6 ± 71.5 | 215.1 ± 52.5 | 202.0 ± 72.1 | 240.7 ± 80.6 |
| CMJ (cm) | 27.2 ± 8.8 | 35.2 ± 7.1* | 25.2 ± 7.7 | 31.6 ± 8.9α |
| VO2MAX (ml/kg/min-1) | 40.7 ± 10.9 | 47.2 ± 8.9 | 37.6 ± 7.7 | 46.7 ± 10.8α |
Values mean ± SD.
‘Sufficiency’ level set at >50 nmol/L; ‘Insufficiency’ level set at < 50 nmol/L.
1 Independent t-test between insufficient and sufficient university students during the spring season*<0.05.
2 Independent t-test between insufficient and sufficient university students during the summer season α<0.05.