Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics between subgroup needing (Group A) and not needing mechanical ventilation (Group B).
| Demographics | Group A (23patients) | Group B (36 patients) | P- value | P-value adjusted for age and SpO2/Fio2 at the time of proning | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, median, range | 60 (52–67) | 51 (41–63) | 0.02 | ||
| Gender % | Male | 27.1 | 38.9 | ||
| Female | 11.9 | 22.1 | |||
| Comorbidities | |||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 10 | 14 | 0.73 | 0.68 | |
| Hypertension | 9 | 14 | 0.99 | 0.66 | |
| CAD | 2 | 1 | 0.55 | 0.53 | |
| Heart failure | 0 | 3 | 0.27 | ||
| BMI | |||||
| BMI < 30 | 8 | 14 | 0.75 | ||
| BMI> 30 | 15 | 22 | 0.75 | ||
| BMI: 30–34.9 | 3 | 11 | 0.21 | 0.69 | |
| BMI: 35–39.9 | 6 | 4 | 0.17 | 0.10 | |
| BMI: 40 and above | 6 | 7 | 0. 75 | 0.17 | |
| Medications | |||||
| Dexamethasone | 18 | 16 | 0.01 | <0.01 | |
| Convalescent plasma | 9 | 11 | 0.50 | 0.91 | |
| Remdesivir | 19 | 18 | 0.01 | <0.01 | |
| Respiratory support | |||||
| HFNC, n (%) | 21(91) | 31(86) | 0.69 | 0.95 | |
| NIPPV, n (%) | 14(61) | 6(16.6) | < 0.01 | <0.01 | |
| SpO2/Fio2, median (range) | |||||
| At proning | 100 (95–155) | 206 (100–293) | < 0.01 | ||
| Four hrs post proning | 99(94–141) | 195 (100–263) | < 0.01 | 0.04 | |
| Day 1 | 99 (95–118) | 152(116–230) | < 0.01 | 0.02 | |
| Day 2 | 104(96–123) | 158(107–224) | < 0.01 | 0.02 | |
| Day 3 | 101(93–139) | 189(113–224) | < 0.01 | <0.01 | |
| Day 4 | 97(95–100) | 211(158–267) | < 0.01 | <0.01 | |
| Respiratory rate (breaths/minute), median (range) | |||||
| At proning | 28 (24–35) | 25(21–31) | 0.14 | 0.08 | |
| 4 h post proning | 28 (22–34) | 22(19–28) | 0.02 | 0.04 | |
| ROX index | |||||
| At proning | 4.00(3.00–6.00) | 8.00(4.00–10.00) | <0.01 | 0.21 | |
| 4 h post proning | 4.00(3.00–6.00) | 8.00(4.00–13.00) | < 0.01 | 0.01 | |
| Serum inflammatory markers, median (range) | |||||
| LDH day 0, U/L | 532(470–682) | 405(341–567) | 0.01 | ||
| LDH day 4 | 551 (432–601) | 359 (307–422) | < 0.01 | ||
| CRP day 0,mg/dl | 20.9(13.4–24.5) | 23.25(14.25–39.10) | 0.15 | ||
| CRP day 4 | 12.90 (8.65–22.4) | 8.1 (5.1–13.00) | 0.02 | ||
| D dimer day 0, μg/ml | 1.72 (0.96–3.05) | 1.23 (0.72–1.64) | 0.06 | ||
| D dimer day 4 | 4.41(1.97–10.20) | 1.36(0.70–2.53) | < 0.01 | ||
| Ferritin day 0, ng/ml | 639 (444–1068) | 712 (365–1106) | 0.96 | ||
| Ferritin day 4 | 450 (347–1112) | 511 (328–1066) | 0.81 | ||
Median (25th- 75th percentiles).
LDH: Lactate dehydrogenase; CRP: C-reactive protein; HFNC: High flow nasal cannula; NIPPV: Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation.
SpO2/Fio2 of 235 corresponds to PaO2/Fio2 of 200.
SpO2/Fio2 = 64 + 0.84 xPaO2/Fio2.
ROX index: SpO2/Fio2/Respiratory Rate X100.