Table 2.
Summarization of in vitro based studies undertaken in the quest to identify putative phytochemical(s) against SARS-CoV-2.
| S.No | Plant product | Part Used | Cell Lines | Mechanism of action | Inhibitory Concentration |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Boesenbergia rotunda (Finger root) | Extract | Vero E6 cells and Calu-3 | Inhibits replication at both pre-entry and post-infection phases | 3.62 μg/mL |
| 2. | Panduratin A | Phytoconstituent | Vero E6 cells and Calu-3 | Inhibits replication at both pre-entry and post-infection phases | Pre-entry IC50: 5.30 μM; Post infection IC50: 0.81 μM |
| 3. | Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase | Interferons stimulating genes | Calu3, and A549-ACE2 | preventing membrane fusion | IC50 : 550 nM |
| 4. | Lianhuaqingwen | Extract | Vero E6 cells | Not known | IC50 : 411.2 μg/ml |
| 5. | Lithospermum erythrorhizon | Phytoconstituent | SARS-CoV-2-infected Vero cells | Inhibits the activity of 3CLpro | IC50 : 15.75 ± 8.22 μmol/L |
| 6. | Crepis sancta, | Methanol extract | mucosal mast-cell from rat basophilic leukaemia (RBL-2H3) | Inhibiting activity MPro in Covid-19 | Neutrophil elastase release inhibition (IC50: 6.66 ± 1.03) and superoxide anion generation inhibition (IC50: 4.32 ± 0.57 μM) |
| 7. | Shuanghuanglian | Oral liquid formulation | Vero E6 cells | Inhibits the activity of 3CLpro | IC50 : 0.090, 0.064, and 0.076 μl/ml |