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. 2021 Apr 2;11:7457. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-86764-4

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Heme biosynthesis along with iron availability lesion as cause of small colony phenotype in Citrobacter freundii isolated from urinary tract infection. Genomic sequencing of the paired NCV and SCV isolates revealed genomic lesions in araC, fdnG, fes, hemL, pta, and in the intergenic region upstream of the hemF gene. (a) Genetic rescue with fes and hemL rescued normal growth from the Citrobacter freundii SCV. (b) Chemical rescue with heme restored normal growth in Citrobacter freundii SCV. (c) Cross-feeding from Citrobacter freundii NCV partially restores growth of SCV, consistent with a diffusible factor required for growth. All plates in this figure were incubated under aerobic conditions.