Table 1.
Decay lifetimes of interlayer excitons in various TMD vdW heterostructures
| HSs | Fabrication method | Twist angle (°) | Lifetime (ns) | Temp (K) | Technique | Notes | Refs. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| τ1 | τ2 | τ3 | |||||||
| MoSe2/WSe2 | MEwet transfer | 1.80 | 20 | TRPL | 22 | ||||
| MEdry transfer | 0 | ~10 | 30 | TRPL | 33 | ||||
| MEdry transfer | 16 | 138 | 4.5 | TRPL | 28 | ||||
| MEdry transfer | 54 | 40 | >100 | 4 | TRPL | B = 0 T | 25 | ||
| 54 | 70 | >200 | 4 | TRPL | B = 28 T | ||||
| MEdry transfer | 0/60 | 10 | 100 | 4 | TRPL | EHS = 0 V/nm | 30 | ||
| 0/60 | 600 | 4 | TRPL | EHS > 0.1 V/nm | |||||
| MEdry transfer | 60 | ~50 | ~100 | 3 | TRPL | 23 | |||
| MEdry transfer | 0/60 | ~1000 | TRPL | Dark exciton | 27 | ||||
| MEdry transfer | 58.7 | 2.30 | TRPL | 135 | |||||
| MEdry transfer | 60 | ~12 | 4 | TRPL | Moiré interlayer exciton | 142 | |||
| MEdry transfer | 3.5 | 100 | TRPL | Moiré period (5 nm) | 162 | ||||
| MEdry transfer | 1.1 | 1.00 | TRPL | Moiré period (17 nm) | |||||
| CVD | 0 | 1.20 | 5.50 | TRPL | No moiré pattern | ||||
| CVD | 60 | 6.00 | 44 | 877 | 4.2 | TRPL | No moiré pattern | 111 | |
| WS2/WSe2 | CVD | 0, 60 | 0.97 | 295 | Pump-probe | Hole dynamics (WSe2) | 91 | ||
| 0, 60 | 4.10 | 78 | Pump-probe | Hole dynamics (WSe2) | |||||
| WS2/WSe2 | CVD | 0 | 0.36 | 295 | Pump-probe | Electron dynamics (WS2) | 91 | ||
| 60 | 0.98 | 295 | Pump-probe | Electron dynamics (WS2) | |||||
| WS2/WSe2 | MEdry transfer | 0.41 | Pump-probe | Electron dynamics (WS2) | 160 | ||||
| WS2/hBN/WSe2 | MEdry transfer | 1.00 | Pump-probe | Electron dynamics (WS2) | 160 | ||||
| WS2/bilayer-hBN/WSe2 | MEdry transfer | 4.96 | Pump-probe | Electron dynamics (WS2) | 160 | ||||
| WS2/trilayer-hBN/WSe2 | MEdry transfer | >10 | Pump-probe | Electron dynamics (WS2) | 160 | ||||
| MoS2/WS2 | Vertical heteroepitaxial growth | Coherent stack | 0.04 | Pump-probe | 42 | ||||
| Manual stacking | Random stack | 1.50 | Pump-probe | ||||||
| hBN/MoS2/WS2/hBN | MEdry transfer | 0/60 | ~100 | 10 | TRPL | VG = 0–4.5 V | 26 | ||
| ~400 | 10 | TRPL | VG = −4.5 V | ||||||
| MoS2/WSe2 | MEdry/wet transfer | ~0.05 to ~3 | Pump-probe | Depending on the twist angle | 56 | ||||
| MoS2/MoSe2/MoS2 | CVDwet transfer | 5 | 135 | 6 | TRPL | 24 | |||
| WSe2/MoSe2/WSe2 | MEdry transfer | 2.54 | 4 | TRPL | Neutral interlayer exciton | 161 | |||
| 2.47 | 40 | ||||||||
| 1.84 | 80 | ||||||||
| 0.41 | 120 | ||||||||
| WSe2/MoSe2/WSe2 | MEdry transfer | 1.24 | 4 | TRPL | Charged interlayer exciton | 161 | |||
| 0.47 | 20 | ||||||||
HSs heterostructures, Temp temperature, ME mechanical exfoliation, CVD chemical vapor deposition, TRPL time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy, B applied out-of-plane magnetic field, EHS electric field across the heterostructure, VG externally applied voltage, Ref reference