A topic dermatitis is a common inflammatory skin disease characterized by recurrent eczematous lesions and intense itch that can have an adverse effect on quality of life.

Key pathogenic mechanisms include a dysfunctional epidermal barrier and type 2-dominated cutaneous inflammation, which can be targeted by innovative biological and small­molecule therapies.

The diagnosis is made clinically, and management consists of education, the avoidance of triggers that can exacerbate the condition, skin care measures, and various treatment options.

Despite progress in the development of systemic drugs, topical treatments continue to be essential for both barrier function repair and the delivery of anti-inflammatory molecules.

Natural factors such as ultraviolet radiation (UVR), temperature, and humidity also contribute to both AD flares and regional prevalence variation.

Exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation can reduce skin barrier function, and sunscreen use can help to protect against this UV-induced skin barrier impairment.

Sunscreen-containing moisturizers have dramatically improved photoprotection compliance. These products can provide moisturization by decreasing transepidermal water loss through the creation of an environment that is optimal for barrier repair.