Table 2.

Effect of domestication status and individual seed mass on functional traits, with the inclusion of the secondary crop progenitors, Avena fatua (only in the growth experiment), Avena sterilis and Secale vavilovii. These species were included first as wild species and then as progenitors

Trait	Secondary crop progenitors treated as wild		Secondary crop progenitors treated as progenitors
	Progenitors compared with wild species	Effect of logged individual seed mass	Progenitors compared with wild species	Effect of logged individual seed mass
Seed mass	×3.8*	N/A	×4.6***	N/A
AGR	NS	+ve* (slope = 0.78)	×4.0*	+ve* (slope = 0.78)
RGR	NS	NS	NS	NS
sRGR	×0.60*	−ve*** (slope = −0.07)	×0.63*	−ve*** (slope = −0.07)
Root:shoot	NS	NS	NS	NS
Final leaf area	NS	+ve** (slope = 0.50)	×3.1**	+ve** (slope = 0.50)
Final root area	NS	+ve*** (slope = 0.68)	×3.4**	+ve*** (slope = 0.68)
SLA	NS	interaction with status***	NS	Interaction with status*
NAR	NS	interaction with status*	NS	+ve* (slope = 0.16)
Germination success	NS	3‐way interaction*	Progenitors have higher germination success***	3‐way interaction**
Time to germination	NS	3‐way interaction***	NS	3‐way interaction***
Seedling survival	NS	NS	NS	Interaction with status*
Seedling biomass	NS	+ve*** (slope = 0.70)	× 3.2**	+ve*** (slope = 0.70)

Asterisks denote significant differences: * = p <.05, ** = p <.01, *** = p <.001.