Table 1.
Demographic characteristics and risk factors associated with pre-admission DVT
| Variables | All patients (n = 788) | Patients without DVT(n = 624) | Patients with DVT (n = 164) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (mean years±SD) | 78.68 ± 7.89 | 78.49 ± 8.00 | 79.38 ± 7.44 | 0.199 |
| Gender (Male/Female) | 0.07 | |||
| Male | 273 (34.6%) | 226 (36.2%) | 47 (28.7%) | |
| Female | 515 (65.4%) | 398 (63.8%) | 117 (71.3%) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 0.005* | |||
| < 30 | 756 (95.9%) | 605 (97.0%) | 151 (92.1%) | |
| > 30 | 32 (4.1%) | 19 (3.0%) | 13 (7.9%) | |
| Injury side (left/right) | 0.327 | |||
| Left | 416 (52.8%) | 335 (53.7%) | 81 (49.4%) | |
| Right | 372 (47.2%) | 289 (46.3%) | 83 (50.6%) | |
| Injury mechanism | 0.002* | |||
| Low energy trauma | 716 (90.9%) | 577 (92.5%) | 139 (84.8%) | |
| High energy trauma | 72 (9.1%) | 47 (7.5%) | 25 (15.2%) | |
| Time from injury to admission (days) | 2.10 ± 1.79 | 1.87 ± 1.59 | 2.96 ± 2.22 | < 0.001† |
| Hemoglobin(g/L) | 113.92 ± 19.09 | 115.45 ± 18.93 | 108.13 ± 18.62 | < 0.001† |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Hypertension | 440 (55.8%) | 350 (56.1%) | 90 (54.9%) | 0.781 |
| Diabetes | 238 (30.2%) | 171 (27.4%) | 67 (40.9%) | 0.001* |
| COPD | 87 (11.0%) | 54 (8.7%) | 33 (20.1%) | < 0.001* |
| Atrial fibrillation | 60 (7.6%) | 34 (5.4%) | 26 (15.9%) | < 0.001* |
| Coronary heart disease | 162 (20.6%) | 121 (19.4%) | 41 (25.0%) | 0.114 |
| Cerebrovascular accident | 172 (21.8%) | 128 (20.5%) | 44 (26.8%) | 0.081 |
| Cancer | 78 (9.9%) | 65 (10.4%) | 13 (7.9%) | 0.342 |
| Dementia | 35 (4.4%) | 21 (3.4%) | 14 (8.5%) | 0.004* |
| Liver and kidney disease | 43 (5.5%) | 35 (5.6%) | 8 (4.9%) | 0.714 |
| Thyroid disease | 27 (3.4%) | 18 (2.9%) | 9 (5.5%) | 0.103 |
| Varicose veins | 46 (5.8%) | 29 (4.7%) | 17 (10.4%) | 0.005* |
| Age-adjusted CCI | 4.27 ± 1.44 | 4.17 ± 1.42 | 4.63 ± 1.44 | < 0.001† |
| ASA class | 0.001* | |||
| 1 | 26 (3.3%) | 24 (3.8%) | 2 (1.2%) | |
| 2 | 576 (73.1%) | 470 (75.3%) | 106 (64.6%) | |
| 3 | 180 (22.8%) | 127 (20.4%) | 53 (32.3%) | |
| 4 | 6 (0.8%) | 3 (0.5%) | 3 (1.8%) | |
| AO classification | 0.008* | |||
| A1 | 174 (22.1%) | 145 (23.2%) | 29 (17.7%) | |
| A2 | 522 (66.2%) | 417 (66.8%) | 105 (64.0%) | |
| A3 | 92 (11.7%) | 62 (9.9%) | 30 (18.3%) | |
Abbreviations: DVT Deep vein thrombosis, BMI Body mass index, COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CCI Charlson Comorbidity Index, ASA American Society of Anaesthesiologists, AO Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Osteosynthesefragen
*Significant difference between two groups as shown by the Chi-square test; †Significant difference between two groups as shown by the Student t-test or the Mann–Whitney test. The values were given as the mean and standard deviation