Table 2.
Performance comparison, expressed in , of different neural networks (in the order BDLSTM/CNN/CNN + BDLSTM) based on tenfold cross validation
| Condition | Cohen’s kappa () | Accuracy | Sensitivity | Specificity | Precision | F1-score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal | 92.41/94.91/98.29 | 97.91/98.58/99.53 | 93.47/96.73/98.37 | 98.79/98.95/99.76 | 93.85/94.80/98.77 | 93.66/95.76/98.57 |
| Asthma | 86.23/90.13/94.76 | 98.38/98.92/99.39 | 88.04/84.78/94.57 | 99.07/99.86/99.71 | 86.17/97.50/95.60 | 87.10/90.70/95.08 |
| Pneumonia | 92.90/94.17/99.33 | 98.58/98.79/99.87 | 93.98/100.00/100.00 | 99.16/98.63/99.85 | 93.41/90.22/98.81 | 93.69/94.86/99.40 |
| BRON | 86.39/97.26/99.10 | 98.04/99.60/99.87 | 82.79/95.08/98.36 | 99.41/100.00/100.00 | 92.66/100.00/100.00 | 87.45/97.48/99.17 |
| COPD | 93.88/97.96/98.10 | 96.97/98.99/99.06 | 98.13/99.38/99.25 | 95.59/98.53/98.83 | 96.33/98.76/99.00 | 97.22/99.07/99.13 |
| HF | 86.55/89.85/100.00 | 99.06/99.33/100.00 | 83.93/82.14/100.00 | 99.65/100.00/100.00 | 90.38/100.00/100.00 | 87.04/90.20/100.00 |
| Overall (average) | 89.73/94.05/98.26 | 98.16/99.04/99.62 | 90.06/93.02/98.43 | 98.61/99.33/99.69 | 92.13/96.88/98.70 | 91.03/94.68/98.56 |