. 2020 Apr 21;30(3):475–492. doi: 10.1007/s00787-020-01533-4

Table 6.

Results of multiple regressions predicting mental health in young adulthood

Adolescence variables as predictors	Mental health indicators in young adulthood as outcome variables
	Life satisfaction				Flourishing				Stress				Anxiety
	b (CI)	SE	β	p	b (CI)	SE	β	p	b (CI)	SE	β	p	b (CI)	SE	β	p
Step 1
Infrequent NSSI	− 0.83 (− 2.43, 0.78)	0.82	− 0.05	0.312	− 1.40 (− 3.03, 0.22)	0.83	− 0.08	0.090	1.42 (0.38, 2.46)	0.53	0.13	0.007	1.28 (0.49, 2.06)	0.40	0.15	0.001
Unstable repetitive NSSI	− 2.11 (− 4.06, − 0.17)	0.99	− 0.10	0.034	− 1.36 (− 3.31, 0.64)	1.00	− 0.06	0.184	2.31 (1.05, 3.57)	0.64	0.17	< 0.001	1.96 (1.01, 2.91)	0.48	0.19	< 0.001
Stable repetitive NSSI	− 2.63 (− 4.83, − 0.44)	1.12	− 0.11	0.019	− 3.36 (− 5.58, − 1.13)	1.13	− 0.14	0.003	3.95 (2.53, 5.38)	0.72	0.25	< 0.001	2.58 (1.51, 3.65)	0.55	0.22	< 0.001
R²	0.02				0.02				0.07				0.07
Step 2
Infrequent NSSI	0.22 (− 1.36, 1.79)	0.80	0.01	0.788	− 0.41 (− 2.03, 1.20)	0.82	− 0.02	0.615	0.88 (− 0.25, 1.80)	0.52	0.08	0.090	0.94 (0.15, 1.73)	0.40	0.11	0.020
Unstable repetitive NSSI	− 0.40 (− 2.35, 1.56)	1.00	− 0.02	0.691	0.33 (− 1.67, 2.33)	1.02	0.02	0.747	1.26 (0.15, 2.72)	0.65	0.09	0.053	1.35 (0.36, 2.33)	0.50	0.13	0.008
Stable repetitive NSSI	0.70 (− 1.26, 3.71)	1.24	0.03	0.575	− 0.90 (− 2.58, 2.39)	1.26	− 0.00	0.943	1.67 (0.01, 3.20)	0.81	0.11	0.038	1.31 (0.08, 2.53)	0.62	0.11	0.037
SDQ total	− 0.49 (− 0.65, − 0.34)	0.08	− 0.32	< 0.001	− 0.47 (− 0.52, − 0.11)	0.08	− 0.30	< 0.001	0.22 (0.12, 0.38)	0.05	0.22	< 0.001	0.15 (0.07, 0.23)	0.04	0.20	< 0.001
Gender	1.61 (0.31, 2.98)	0.66	0.11	0.016	1.06 (− 0.27, 2.39)	0.68	0.07	0.116	1.94 (0.65, 2.48)	0.43	0.20	< 0.001	0.42 (− 0.24, 1.07)	0.33	0.06	0.212
R²	0.10				0.09				0.15				0.10

Adolescence variables as predictors	Mental health indicators in young adulthood as outcome variables
	Depression				DSH				Emotion dysregulation
	b (CI)	SE	β	p	b (CI)	SE	β	p	b (CI)	SE	β	p
Step 1
Infrequent NSSI	1.62 (0.64, 2.61)	0.50	0.16	0.001	0.32 (− 0.65, 1.28)	0.49	0.03	0.521	3.48 (0.49, 6.48)	1.53	0.11	0.023
Unstable repetitive NSSI	1.98 (0.79, 3.17)	0.61	0.16	0.001	0.46 (− 0.72, 1.63)	0.60	0.04	0.445	5.77 (2.13, 9.40)	1.85	0.15	0.002
Stable repetitive NSSI	2.46 (1.12, 3.81)	0.69	0.17	< 0.001	4.03 (2.71, 5.35)	0.67	0.28	< 0.001	13.54 (9.43, 17.64)	2.09	0.30	< 0.001
R²	0.05				0.07				0.09
Step 2
Infrequent NSSI	1.15 (0.16, 2.13)	0.50	0.11	0.023	0.15 (− 0.84, 1.14)	0.50	0.01	0.769	1.94 (− 1.04, 4.92)	1.52	0.06	0.202
Unstable repetitive NSSI	1.13 (− 0.10, 2.36)	0.63	0.09	0.072	0.16 (− 1.07, 1.39)	0.63	0.01	0.801	2.84 (− 0.87, 6.56)	1.89	0.07	0.133
Stable repetitive NSSI	0.73 (− 0.80, 2.26)	0.78	0.05	0.349	3.42 (1.89, 4.95)	0.78	0.24	< 0.001	7.36 (2.75, 11.98)	2.35	0.16	0.002
SDQ total	0.22 (0.12, 0.31)	0.05	0.22	< 0.001	0.08 (− 0.02, 0.17)	0.05	0.08	0.125	0.67 (0.37, 0.96)	0.15	0.22	< 0.001
Gender	0.29 (− 0.53, 1.11)	0.42	0.03	0.483	0.09 (− 0.73, 0.91)	0.42	0.01	0.829	3.62 (1.56, 6.09)	1.26	0.13	0.004
R²	0.09				0.08				0.14

NSSI = non-suicidal self-injury. The four NSSI patterns were recoded into three mutually exclusive dichotomous dummy variables with “No NSSI at T1 and T2” as the reference. Gender is coded as 1 = girl, 0 = boy. The analyses at Step 2 were controlled for participants’ SDQ total (i.e., psychological difficulties) measured in adolescence and gender