Table 3.
| Enzyme | Source | Substrate | General reaction |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Laccase EC 1.10.3.2 |
Widely distributed in fungi and bacteria (e.g., Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Streptomyces) |
Phenolic compounds, aromatic amines and dye molecules |
4 benzenediol + O2 ⇌ 4 benzosemiquinone + 2H2O |
|
Lignin peroxidase EC 1.11.1.14 |
White rot fungal genera (e.g., Bjerkandera, Phanerochaete, Phlebia and Trametes) |
Phenols, aromatic amines, aromatic ethers and polycyclic aromatics |
1,2-bis(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)propane-1,3-diol + H2O2 ⇌ 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde + 1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethane-1,2-diol + H2O |
|
Manganese peroxidase EC 1.11.1.13 |
Wood and litter-decomposing white rot fungi (e.g., Dichomitus squalens, Agaricus bisporus and Agrocybe praecox) | Phenolic compounds | 2Mn(II) + 2H+ + H2O2 ⇌ 2Mn(III) + 2H2O |
|
Versatile peroxidase EC 1.11.1.16 |
White rot species (e.g., Pleurotus ostreatus, Bjerkandera adusta) |
High-redox-potential aromatic compounds and recalcitrant dyes |
(1) Reactive Black 5 + H2O2 ⇌ oxidized Reactive Black 5 + 2 H2O (2) Donor + H2O2 = oxidized donor + 2 H2O |
|
Dye-decolorizing peroxidase EC 1.11.1.19 |
Fungi and bacteria (e.g., Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Bacillus) |
Dye compounds, carotenoids and phenolics |
Reactive Blue 5 + 2 H2O2 ⇌ phthalate + 2,2′-disulfonyl azobenzene + 3-[(4-amino-6-chloro-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino] benzenesulfonate + 2 H2O |