Table 4.
Bioconversion of lignin to value-added products by bacteria
| Products | Strains | Carbon source | Yield | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lipids | Rhodococcus opacus DSM 43205 | Biomass gasification wastewater | 62.8% DCW | [159] (Goswami et al.) |
| R. pyridinivorans CCZUB16 | Alkali lignin | 52% DCW | [128] (Chong et al.) | |
| R. opacus DSM 1069 | O2 pretreated kraft lignin | 14.21% DCW | [129] (Wei et al.) | |
| R. opacus PD630 | Lignin from combinatorial pretreatment | 1.83 g L−1 | [160] (Liu et al.) | |
| R. opacus Xsp8 | Kraft lignin hydrolysate | 45.8% DCW | [153] (Kurosawa et al.) | |
|
R. rhodochrous ATCC 2198 |
4-Hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid and glucose | > 40% DCW | [127] (Shields-Menard et al.) | |
| R. opacus DSM 1069 and PD630 | 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid and vanillic acid | 20% DCW | [126] (Kosa, Ragauskas) | |
| R. opacus PD630 and R. jostii RHA1 VanA− | Alkali-extracted corn stover lignin | 39% DCW | [131] (He et al.) | |
| Trichosporon cutaneum ACCC 20271 | 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde | 0.85 g L−1 | [132] (Hu et al.) | |
| PHAs | Pseudomonas putida KT2440 | Alkaline-pretreated liquor | 34–39% DCW | [136] (Linger et al.) |
| Ralstonia eutropha | Bagasse hydrolyssate | 6.06 g L−1 | [161] (Yu, Stahl) | |
| Azotobacter beijerinicki | Coir pith | 2.4 g L−1 | [162] (Prabu, Murugesan) | |
| Engineered P. putida A514 | Kraft lignin | 75 mg L−1 | [139] (Wang et al.) | |
| Oceanimonas doudoroffii | Lignin and its derivatives | 0.2% DCW | [137] (Numata, Morisaki) | |
| Cupriavidus basilensis B-8 | Kraft lignin | 319.4 mg L−1 | [138] (Shi et al.) | |
| Vanillin | R. jostii RHA045 | Wheat straw lignocellulose | 96 mg L−1 | [53] (Sainsbury et al.) |
| Bacillus subtilis | Ferulic acid | 0.89 g L−1 | [143] (Chen et al.) | |
| Streptomyces sannanensis MTCC 6637 | Wheat bran | 0.708 g L−1 | [163] (Chattopadhyay et al.) | |
| Shewanella putrefaciens | Lignin extracted from wheat straw | 275 mg L−1 | [142] (Sharma et al.) | |
| Engineered P. putida KT2440 | Ferulic acid | 0.86 g g−1 | [119] (Graf, Altenbuchner) | |
| Cis,cis-muconate | P. putida KT2440-CJ242 | p-Coumaric acid | 50 g L−1 | [142] (Sharma et al.) |
| Recombinant C. glutamicum MA-2 | Lignin hydrolysate and Catechol | 1.8 g L−1 and 85 g L−1 | [22] (Becker et al.) | |
| Recombinant E. coli | Catechol | 59.0 g L−1 | [149] (Kaneko et al.) | |
| P. putida MA-9 | Softwood lignin hydrolysate | 13 g L−1 | [164] (Kohlstedt et al.) | |
| Sphingobium sp. SME257/pTS084 | Hardwood lignin hydrolysate | 26.8 mg L−1 | [165] (Sonoki et al.) |