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Macroscopic observation of cartilage specimens 4,8,12 weeks later after intra-articular injection of SDF-1 and surgery. a, f, k saline injection knees; b-d, g-i, l-n 20μg/kg to 40μg/kg SDF-1 injection knees; e, j, o surgical knees. White arrows: Dry and roughness of the cartilage surface. Black arrows: Cartilage defection. Red arrows: Osteophytes formed at the joint margins
