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. 2021 Apr 3;22:329. doi: 10.1186/s12891-021-04188-7

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 3 — A IL-1 staining of osteochondral specimens. A, F, K: Normal saline injected knees; B-D,G-I,L-N: 20μg/kg to 40μg/kg SDF-1 injected knees; E, J, O: surgical knees. Scale bars = 500 μm. B The percentages of IL-1 positive cells were randomly counted using three fields. Data were measured as mean ± standard error of the mean. (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001, and ns: no significant difference)