Table 4.

Effect of rTMS on extinction in animal models.

References	Study type	Subjects and groups	Target area	Coil position	Online/offline stimulation	Pulses per session/duration	Frequency/Intensity/coil shape	Drug/doses	Reinforcement rate	CS/US	Outcome measure	Outcome direction
Baek et al. (2012)	RCT, sham controlled	35 rats, 2 experiments, active and sham group in each experiment;	Infralimbic cortex	3 mm anterior to bregma	Offline and online, rTMS was finished either 5 min before or applied during extinction	1,000 pulses/10 min	10 Hz/90% MT/Modified figure-of-eight coil,	None	100%	Sound/Foot shock	Freezing duration	- rTMS paired with CS significantly facilitated fear extinction
Legrand et al. (2019)	RCT, sham and vehicle controlled study	140 mice, 8 groups	Infralimbic cortex	2 mm anterior to the bregma	Offline, from day 7 to 12, five rTMS sessions or sham sessions were applied 24 h apart	750 pulses/7 min and 48 s × 5 sessions	12 Hz/115% MT/Circular coil	Fluoxetine/15 mg/kg	N/A	Chamber/Foot shock	- Freezing duration and latency - Performance in object recognition task - c-Fos neuronal expression	rTMS - enhanced fear extinction. - reversed short-term memory impairments. - evoked c-Fos activity in the vmPFC (infralimbic cortex), the basolateral amygdala and the ventral CA1