Table 1.
Sample characteristics and equivalence by country.
| Total (n = 1,480) | Italy (1) (n = 712) | Spain (2) (n = 431) | Portugal (3) (n = 335) | Testa | Effect sizeb | Post-Hoc c | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parents | |||||||
| Female, N (%) | 1,299 (87.8) | 627 (88.1) | 379 (87.9) | 293 (86.9) | 0.28 | - | - |
| Age, M (SD) | 42.26 (5.92) | 42.38 (6.64) | 42.17 (5.32) | 42.10 (4.96) | 2.68 | - | - |
| Monthly family income (euros), N (%) | |||||||
| Up to 999 | 87 (6.6) | 33 (5.3) | 31 (8.3) | 23 (7.3) | 14.82 | - | - |
| Between 1,000 and 1,999 | 372 (28.2) | 164 (26.2) | 113 (30.1) | 95 (30.1) | |||
| Between 2,000 and 2,999 | 417 (31.8) | 209 (33.4) | 98 (26.1) | 110 (34.8) | |||
| Between 3,000 and 4,999 | 343 (26) | 169 (27) | 106 (28.3) | 68 (21.5) | |||
| 5,000 or more | 98 (7.4) | 51 (8.1) | 27 (7.2) | 20 (6.3) | |||
| The house where you live has, N (%) | |||||||
| Only windows | 158 (10.7) | 25 (3.5) | 77 (17.9) | 56 (16.6) | 221.39*** | 0.27 | 2 > 1 3 > 1 |
| Garden | 559 (37.8) | 368 (51.7) | 77 (17.9) | 114 (33.8) | 1 > 2 | ||
| Terrace | 303 (20.5) | 151 (21.1) | 121 (28.1) | 31 (9.2) | 2 > 3 | ||
| Balcony | 416 (28) | 141 (19.9) | 145 (33.5) | 130 (38.6) | 2 > 1 3 > 1 |
||
| Another exit | 44 (3) | 27 (3.8) | 11 (2.6) | 6 (1.8) | |||
| People who live in my house during quarantine, N (%) | |||||||
| They do not leave the house unless they have to buy groceries or other allowed activities | 936 (63.1) | 463 (65) | 254 (58.9) | 217 (64.4) | 4.59 | - | - |
| One or both parents still work outside the home | 546 (36.9) | 249 (35) | 177 (41.1) | 120 (35.6) | |||
| How many people live in at home during quarantine, M (SD) | 3.94 (0.94) | 3.99 (0.97) | 3.84 (0.88) | 3.98 (0.95) | 9.73** | 0.007 | 1 > 2 3 > 2 |
| Square meters home, M (SD) | 131.04 (67.70) | 123.14 (62.29) | 124.99 (62.86) | 152 (78.89) | 46.80*** | 0.03 | 3 > 1 3 > 2 |
| Children | |||||||
| Female, N (%) | 699 (47.2) | 351 (49.3) | 192 (44.5) | 156 (46.3) | 2.58 | - | - |
| Age, M (SD) | 9.15 (4.27) | 9.40 (4.46) | 8.55 (3.73) | 9.42 (4.45) | 8.58* | 0.006 | 1 > 2 |
Note. M, Mean; SD, Standard Deviation;
a
Cross-table (χ2) for categorical variables and Kruskal-Wallis (χ2) for continuous variables.
b
Effect size = Cramer's V for multi-categorical variables and Epsilon-squared for continuous variables.
c
Bonferroni correction applied to p values was used to reduce the risk of type I errors post hoc analysis of a chi-squared test.
*
p < 0.05,
**
p < 0.01,
***
p < 0.001.