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. 2021 Mar 22;15:589906. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.589906

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Copyright © 2021 Ferrari, Roda, Priori, De Luca, Facoetti, Ravera, Brandalise, Locatelli, Rossi and Bottone.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Different experimental conditions: chemotherapeutics exposure alone and followed by carbon ion irradiation. The left column shows phase-contrast micrographs of U251 cells cultured in flask sterile on slide in different experimental conditions before being processed for immunofluorescence reactions. The right column displays caspase-3 immunolabeling (red fluorescence) in the control (CTR), differently treated U251 cells, i.e., after 48-h continuous treatment (CT) with 40 μM cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (CDDP) or 10 μM (OC-6-44)-acetatodiamminedichlorido(2-(2-propynyl)octanoato)platinum(IV) [Pt(IV)Ac-POA] alone or followed by carbon ion radiation at 2 or 4 Gy dose. DNA counterstaining with Hoechst 33258 (blue fluorescence). Scale bar, 40 μm. Histograms (lower right part) representing the percentage values of caspase-3-immunopositive cells.