Table 2.

Regression results for the mediation analysis on how much the message motivates individuals to help others in study 2.

Effect	β	SE	t
Direct effect of X on Y	1.34	0.47	2.88**
Direct effect of Mo on Y	0.40	0.10	4.03**
Direct effect of X × Mo on Y	−0.32	0.14	−2.22*
Direct effect of Me on Y	0.39	0.05	7.24**

X is the message type (i.e., the independent variable), Mo is fear of coronavirus (i.e., the moderator), Me is feeling joint responsibility to protect from coronavirus (i.e., the mediator), and Y is how much the message motivates individuals to help others (i.e., the dependent variable). X × Mo is the moderated effect of message type on Y.

^*p < 0.05,

^**p < 0.01.