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. 2021 Mar 22;11:659048. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2021.659048

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Copyright © 2021 Šteňo, Buvala, Babková, Kiss, Toma and Lysak

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Left-sided frontal oligodendroglioma resected in a semi-sitting position. (A, B) Preoperative sagittal FLAIR MRI sequence (C) 3D T2 sequence fused with tractography. Note involvement of tracts originating in pre-supplemetary motor area (pink arrow) (D) 3D IOUS image fused with navigation MRI (E) Incomplete filling of the resection cavity with saline due to non-horizontal placement of the craniotomy resulted in insufficient scanning of anterior part of the resection cavity (F, G) Postoperative sagittal FLAIR MRI sequence showing resectable residuum (white arrow), as well as residual tumor involving eloquent tracts (yellow arrow). 3D, three-dimensional; FLAIR, fluid attenuated inversion recovery; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; IOUS, intraoperative ultrasound.