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. 2021 Mar 22;11:659048. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2021.659048

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Copyright © 2021 Šteňo, Buvala, Babková, Kiss, Toma and Lysak

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Right-sided insular grade II astrocytoma (Left column) preoperative navigation 3D FLAIR MRI sequence (Middle column) pre-resectional 3D IOUS image fused with navigation FLAIR MRI sequence. Yellow arrows = lenticulostriate arteries visualized by 3D IOUS power-Doppler mode (Right column) 3D IOUS image acquired shortly before the end of resection. Note the close proximity of resection cavity bottom to the lenticulostriate arteries (arrows), intraoperative visualization of perforating arteries helped to prevent iatrogenic injury to them. 3D, three-dimensional; FLAIR, fluid attenuated inversion recovery; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; IOUS, intraoperative ultrasound.