Table 2.
Changes by age group during the follow-up period in women.
| Age group | n | Baseline | Absolute change | P-value absolute change | Cohen’s d absolute change | Absolute annual change | Annual change (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Muscle mass | mean±SD | mean±SD | CV (%) | mean±SD | mean±SD | ||||
| Lean mass arms (kg) | 20-39 | 28 | 4.21±0.60 | 0.13±0.28 | 215.4 | 0.022 | 0.5 | 0.02±0.04 | 0.37±0.87 |
| 40-49 | 37 | 4.30±0.45 | 0.06±0.24 | 400.0 | 0.136 | 0.3 | 0.01±0.04 | 0.29±1.04 | |
| 50-59 | 40 | 4.10±0.64 | -0.02±0.26 | 1452.1 | 0.647 | 0.1 | -0.003±0.05 | -0.05±1.13 | |
| 60-69 | 35 | 4.19±0.61 | -0.14±0.24 | 165.0 | 0.002 | 0.6 | -0.02±0.04* | -0.54±1.00** | |
| 70+ | 30 | 4.08±0.54 | -0.15±0.60 | 400.0 | 0.181 | 0.3 | -0.03±0.09* | -0.55±2.33** | |
| Lean mass legs (kg) | 20-39 | 28 | 14.26±1.99 | 0.24±0.84 | 350.0 | 0.139 | 0.3 | 0.03±0.11 | 0.19±0.72 |
| 40-49 | 37 | 14.18±1.68 | -0.14±0.65 | 467.7 | 0.195 | 0.2 | -0.03±0.12 | -0.17±0.85 | |
| 50-59 | 40 | 13.26±2.05 | -0.32±0.76 | 239.6 | 0.013 | 0.4 | -0.05±0.13* | -0.38±0.93** | |
| 60-69 | 35 | 13.10±1.93 | -0.44±0.65 | 147.7 | 0.000 | 0.7 | -0.08±0.11** | -0.53±0.88** | |
| 70+ | 30 | 12.74±1.35 | -0.31±0.56 | 180.6 | 0.005 | 0.6 | -0.05±0.09* | -0.37±0.71** | |
| ASM/h2 (kg/m2) | 20-39 | 28 | 6.57±0.81 | 0.13±0.36 | 276.9 | 0.066 | 0.4 | 0.02±0.05 | 0.23±0.68 |
| 40-49 | 37 | 6.69±0.64 | 0.03±0.28 | 860.1 | 0.527 | 0.1 | -0.01±0.05 | -0.07±0.78 | |
| 50-59 | 40 | 6.48±0.82 | -0.12±0.34 | 283.3 | 0.028 | 0.4 | -0.02±0.06* | -0.31±0.88** | |
| 60-69 | 35 | 6.65±0.77 | -0.21±0.30 | 144.3 | 0.000 | 0.7 | -0.04±0.05*** | -0.54±0.80** | |
| 70+ | 30 | 6.52±0.68 | -0.18±0.34 | 188.9 | 0.008 | 0.5 | -0.03±0.05** | -0.42±0.81** | |
| ASM/BMI (m2) | 20-39 | 28 | 0.75±0.12 | -0.02±0.04 | 200.0 | 0.039 | 0.5 | -0.002±0.006 | -0.27±0.81 |
| 40-49 | 37 | 0.72±0.11 | -0.02±0.03 | 150.0 | 0.000 | 0.7 | -0.005±0.006 | -0.66±0.85 | |
| 50-59 | 40 | 0.69±0.08 | -0.02±0.03 | 150.0 | 0.000 | 0.7 | -0.004±0.005 | -0.48±0.73 | |
| 60-69 | 35 | 0.65±0.07 | -0.01±0.04 | 400.0 | 0.029 | 0.3 | -0.002±0.006 | -0.31±0.87 | |
| 70+ | 30 | 0.63±0.08 | -0.02±0.04 | 200.0 | 0.014 | 0.5 | -0.003±0.007 | -0.47±1.11 | |
| Muscle strength | |||||||||
| Grip strength maximum (kg) | 20-39 | 28 | 31.53±5.35 | -0.19±3.32 | 1747.4 | 0.761 | 0.1 | -0.01±0.42 | 0.06±1.32 |
| 40-49 | 37 | 29.65±3.29 | 0.52±2.22 | 426.3 | 0.160 | 0.2 | 0.10±0.40 | 0.34±1.43 | |
| 50-59 | 40 | 28.93±4.61 | -1.36±2.38 | 175.0 | 0.001 | 0.6 | -0.24±0.41 | -0.79±1.37 | |
| 60-69 | 35 | 28.11±3.60 | -1.12±2.57 | 229.5 | 0.015 | 0.4 | -0.19±0.45 | -0.61±1.61 | |
| 70+ | 30 | 25.75±2.91 | -2.63±3.13 | 119.0 | 0.000 | 0.8 | -0.43±0.54** | -1.69±2.20*** | |
| Muscle power | |||||||||
| CRTP (W/kg) | 20-39 | 28 | 12.37±2.24 | -0.62±1.57 | 253.2 | 0.046 | 0.4 | -0.09±0.24 | -0.58±1.76 |
| 40-49 | 37 | 12.23±1.96 | -1.14±1.16 | 101.3 | 0.000 | 1.0 | -0.21±0.21 | -1.73±1.85 | |
| 50-59 | 39 | 10.90±1.74 | -0.89±1.24 | 139.8 | 0.000 | 0.7 | -0.16±0.22 | -1.42±1.99 | |
| 60-69 | 35 | 10.07±1.44 | -0.99±1.19 | 120.6 | 0.000 | 0.8 | -0.17±0.20 | -1.59±2.07 | |
| 70+ | 28 | 9.02±1.61 | -1.00±0.97 | 97.0 | 0.000 | 1.0 | -0.17±0.17 | -1.84±1.82* | |
| 2LJP (W/kg) | 20-39 | 28 | 37.41±5.61 | -3.70±2.80 | 75.7 | 0.000 | 1.3 | -0.46±0.34 | -1.22±0.86 |
| 40-49 | 37 | 34.02±5.13 | -2.99±3.07 | 102.7 | 0.000 | 1.0 | -0.55±0.56 | -1.64±1.78 | |
| 50-59 | 39 | 31.68±5.63 | -3.93±2.78 | 70.8 | 0.000 | 1.4 | -0.69±0.48 | -2.13±1.34* | |
| 60-69 | 34 | 28.52±4.65 | -4.53±2.62 | 57.8 | 0.000 | 1.7 | -0.78±0.45* | -2.68±1.37*** | |
| 70+ | 26 | 24.37±4.46 | -5.24±2.10 | 40.1 | 0.000 | 2.5 | -0.88±0.34** | -3.50±1.20*** | |
Notes. Data are means ± SD. CV%= coefficient of variation in %. Absolute change= follow-up value - baseline value. Absolute annual change= absolute change/follow-up period. P-value of paired t-test changes from Baseline, bold values = significant p<0.05. Annual change (%) = ((follow-up value - baseline value)/(baseline-value * follow-up period))*100.
*
significant differences compared to the youngest adults (20-39 years) (p<0.05).
**
significant differences compared to the youngest adults (20-39 years) (p<0.01).
***
significant differences compared to the youngest adults (20-39 years) (p<0.001).