Table 1.

Phytochemical and nutritional composition of beetroot

No	Class		Compound (synonym)	References
1	Betalains	Betaxanthin		[15,16]
		Betacyanin	Betanin (betanidin 5-O-beta-glucoside)	[17,27]
			Isobetanin (isobetanidin 5-O-beta-glucoside)
			Prebetanin (betanidin 5-O-(6'-sulfate)-beta-glucoside)
			Neobetanin (neobetanidin 5-O-beta-glucoside)
			Amaranthin (betanidin 5-O-sophorobiuronic acid)	[20-23]
			Lampranthin I
			Lampranthin II
2	Phenolics	Betalains	Vulgaxanthin I	[20,67]
			Vulgaxanthin II
			Indicaxanthin
			Betanin (betanidin 5-O-beta-glucoside)
			Isobetanin (isobetanidin 5-O-beta-glucoside)
			Prebetanin (betanidin 5-O-(6'-sulfate)-beta-glucoside)
			Neobetanin (neobetanidin 5-O-beta-glucoside)
		Non-betalains	5,5,6,6-tetrahydroxy-3,3-biindolyl	[27-27,34]
			5,6-dihydroxyindolecarboxylic acid
			N-trans-feruloyltyramine
			N-trans-feruloylhomovanillylamine
			4-hydroxybenzoic acid
			Chlorogenic acid
			Caffeic acid
			Catechin hydrate
			Epicatechin
3	Flavonoids		Betagarin (5,2-dimethoxy-6,7-methylenedioxyflavanone)	[20,24,26,31-31,34]
			Betavulgarin (2′-hydroxy-5-methoxy-6,7-methylenedioxyisoflavone)
			Cochliophilin A (5-hydroxy-6,7-methylenedioxyflavone)
			Dihydroisorhamnetin (3,4',5,7-tetrahydroxy-3'-methoxyflavanone)
			3,5-dihydroxy-6,7-methylenedioxyisoflavanone
			2,5-dihydroxy-6,7-methylenedioxyisoflavone
			Quercetin (3,5,7,3',4'-pentahydroxyflavone)
			Rutin (3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavone-3-rutinoside)
			Kaempferol (3,4',5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone)
4	Volatiles		4-methylpyridine	[32,33]
			Pyridine
			Dimethylsulfide
			Isovaleraldehyde
			Ethanol
			Isopentanol
			Furfural (2-Furaldehyde)
			Geosmin (trans l, lO-dimethyl-trans-9-decalol)
5	Nutritional	Mineral	Calcium	[34,35,39,42]
			Magnesium
			Potassium
			Sodium
		Vitamin	Vitamin A
			Vitamin C
		Carbohydrate	Sucrose
		Fat	Fatty acids
		Amino acid	Essential amino acids (EAA)
			Non-essential amino acids (NEAA) – Glutamic acid
			Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
		Others	Dietary nitrate (NO3-)
			Dietary fiber