Table 1.
Results of studies on factors predicting the sperm retrieval rate in patients with non-obstructive azoospermia who underwent testicular sperm aspiration.
| Factors | Predictable | p value | rs | OR | 95% CI | AUC | Cutoff value | Reference | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | No | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | Tang et al.11 | 2018 |
| BMI | No | 0.327 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | Li et al.10 | 2019 |
| TV | Yes | <0.001/<0.001 (left/right) |
NA | NA | 0.729–0.863/0.721–0.860 (left/right) | 0.796/0.791 (left/right) |
11 mL | Tang et al.11 | 2018 |
| Yes | <0.001 | 0.844 | NA | NA | 0.984/0.961 (left/right) |
9 mL | Tang et al.12 | 2012 | |
| FSH | No | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | Tang et al.11 | 2018 |
| Yes | <0.001 | 0.412 | NA | NA | 0.743 | 8.18 mIU/mL | Tang et al.12 | 2012 | |
| Yes | 0.030 | −0.083 | 0.920 | 0.854–0.992 | 0.70 | 18.97 mIU/mL | Liu et al.14 | 2020 | |
| LH | No | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | Tang et al.11 | 2018 |
| No | > 0.05 | NA | NA | NA | 0.608 | NA | Tang et al.12 | 2012 | |
| E2 | Yes | <0.001/<0.001 (left/right) |
NA | NA | 0.605–0.771/0.641 − 0.792 (left/right) | 0.688/0.716 (left/right) |
144.5 pmol/L/133.5 pmol/L (left/right) | Tang et al.11 | 2018 |
| No | 0.029 | 0.219 | NA | NA | 0.629 | NA | Tang et al.12 | 2012 | |
| PRL | No | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | Tang et al.11 | 2018 |
| No | >0.05 | NA | NA | NA | 0.538 | NA | Tang et al.12 | 2012 | |
| TT | No | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | Tang et al.11 | 2018 |
| No | >0.05 | NA | NA | NA | 0.569 | NA | Tang et al.12 | 2012 | |
| CEUS (TTP) | Yes | 0.045 | NA | 4.2 | 1.3–17.5 | NA | NA | Xue et al.13 | 2018 |
| Predictive model (including age, TV, and FSH) | Yes | ≤0.001 | NA | NA | 0.776–0.871 | 0.823 | 64.61% | Ma et al.9 | 2018 |
rs, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; AUC, area under the curve; NA, not applicable; BMI, body mass index; TV, testicular volume; FSH, follicle-stimulating hormone; LH, luteinizing hormone; E2, estradiol; PRL, prolactin; TT, total testosterone; CEUS, contrast-enhanced ultrasound; TTP, time to peak.