Figure 1.
The characterization of plasma exosomes and several exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) in the study group (n = 12). (a) Images of plasma exosomes under transmission electron microscopy. (b) The levels of two exosome markers, tumour susceptibility gene 101 protein (TSG101) and CD63, in exosomes as determined by Western blot analysis. (c) Particle size distribution of exosomes. (D–G) The levels of several plasma exosomal miRNAs in patients with IPAH stratified according to survival during follow-up. Data presented as dot plots with the mean shown as the central black horizontal line and the error bars indicating the SD; independent-sample t-test.